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K.

K, (kā), the eleventh letter of the English alphabet, is nonvocal consonant. The form and sound of the letter K are from the Latin, which used the letter but little except in the early period of the language. It came into the Latin from the Greek, which received it from a Phœnician source, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically K is most nearly related to c, g, h (which see).

In many words of one syllable k is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking; since without it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s. Formerly, k was added to c in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick, publick, republick; but now it is omitted.

See Guide to Pronunciation , §§ 240, 178, 179, 185.

Kaa"ma (?), n. (Zoöl.) The hartbeest.

Kab"a*la (?), n. See Cabala.

Ka*bas"sou (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Cabassou.

Ka*bob" (?), n. & v. t. See Cabob, n. & v. t.

Ka*book" (?), n. (min.) A clay ironstone found in Ceylon.

Ka*byle" (?), n. [Ar. qabīla.] (Ethnol.) A Berber, as in Algiers or Tunis. See Berber.

Kad"der (?), n. [Cf. Caddow.] (Zoöl.) The jackdaw.

{ Ka"di (?), Ka`di*as"ter (?), } n. A Turkish judge. See Cadi.

Ka*fal" (?), n. (Bot.) The Arabian name of two trees of the genus Balsamodendron, which yield a gum resin and a red aromatic wood.

{ Kaf"fir (kăf"f&etilde;r), Ka"fir (kä"f&etilde;r), } n. [Ar. kāfir infidel, pagan, fr. kafara to be skeptical in religious matters; -- a name given to certain infidel races by the Mohammedans. Cf. Giaour.] (Ethnol.) (a) One of a race which, with the Hottentots and Bushmen, inhabit South Africa. They inhabit the country north of Cape Colony, the name being now specifically applied to the tribes living between Cape Colony and Natal; but the Zulus of Natal are true Kaffirs. (b) One of a race inhabiting Kafiristan in Central Asia. [Spelt also Caffre.]

Kaffir corn (Bot.), a Cape Colony name for Indian millet.

Kaf"fle (?), n. See Coffle.

||Ka"fi*lah (?), n. See Cafila.

Kaf"tan (?), n & v. See Caftan.

Kage (?), n. A chantry chapel inclosed with lattice or screen work.

||Ka"gu (?), n. (Zoöl.) A singular, crested, grallatorial bird (Rhinochetos jubatus), native of New Caledonia. It is gray above, paler beneath, and the feathers of the wings and tail are handsomely barred with brown, black, and gray. It is allied to the sun bittern.

Ka`gu*an" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The colugo.

||Ka"ha"ni (?), n. A kind of notary public, or attorney, in the Levant.

Ka*hau" (?), n. [Native name, from its cry.] (Zoöl.) A long-nosed monkey (Semnopithecus nasalis), native of Borneo. The general color of the body is bright chestnut, with the under parts, shoulders, and sides of the head, golden yellow, and the top of the head and upper part of the back brown. Called also proboscis monkey. [Written also kaha.]

Kail (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A kind of headless cabbage. Same as Kale, 1.

2. Any cabbage, greens, or vegetables. [OE. or Scot.]

3. A broth made with kail or other vegetables; hence, any broth; also, a dinner. [Scot.]

Kail yard, a kitchen garden. [Scot.]

||Kai`ma*cam" (?), n. Same as Caimacam.

Kain (?), n. (Scots Law) Poultry, etc., required by the lease to be paid in kind by a tenant to his landlord. Wharton (Law Dict.).

Kai"nit (?), n. [Trade name, fr. kainite.] Salts of potassium used in the manufacture of fertilizers.

Kai"nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; recent.] (Min.) A compound salt consisting chiefly of potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, occurring at the Stassfurt salt mines in Prussian Saxony.

Kai`no*zo"ic (?), a. See Cenozoic.

Ka*ique" (?), n. (Naut.) See Caique.

Kai"rine (?), n. (Chem.) A pale buff or white crystalline alkaloid derived from quinoline, and used as an antipyretic in medicine.

Kai`ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base obtained from quinoline. It is used as a febrifuge, and resembles kairine.

Kai"ser (?), n. [Gr., fr. L. Caesar. Cf. Kesar, and Czar.] The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871.

Ka"ka (?), n. [Maori kaka a parrot; -- so named from its note.] (Zoöl.) A New Zealand parrot of the genus Nestor, especially the brown parrot (Nestor meridionalis).

&fist; The mountain kaka, or kea (N. notabilis), is remarkable for having recently acquired carnivorous habits. It attacks and kills lambs and pigs, sometimes doing great damage.

Night kaka. (Zoöl.) The kakapo.

Ka`ka*po" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A singular nocturnal parrot (Strigops habroptilus), native of New Zealand. It lives in holes during the day, but is active at night. It resembles an owl in its colors and general appearance. It has large wings, but can fly only a short distance. Called also owl parrot, night parrot, and night kaka.

Kak`a*ral"li (?), n. A kind of wood common in Demerara, durable in salt water, because not subject to the depredations of the sea worm and barnacle.

Kak`is*toc"ra*cy (kăk`&ibreve;s*t&obreve;k"r&adot;*s&ybreve;), n. [Gr. ka`kistos worst + kratei^n to rule.] Government by the worst men.

Ka*kox"ene (?), n. See Cacoxene.

Ka*lan" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The sea otter.

Ka`la*sie" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A long-tailed monkey of Borneo (Semnopithecus rubicundus). It has a tuft of long hair on the head.

Kale (?), n. [Scot. kale, kail, cale, colewort, Gael. cael; akin to Ir. cal, W. cawl, Armor. kaol. See Cole.]

1. (Bot.) A variety of cabbage in which the leaves do not form a head, being nearly the original or wild form of the species. [Written also kail, and cale.]

2. See Kail, 2.

Sea kale (Bot.), a European cruciferous herb (Crambe maritima), often used as a pot herb; sea cabbage.

Ka*leege" (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of several species of large, crested, Asiatic pheasants, belonging to the genus Euplocamus, and allied to the firebacks.

{ Ka*lei"do*phon (?), Ka*lei"do*phone (?), } [Gr. &?; beautiful + &?; appearance, form + &?; sound.] (Physics.) An instrument invented by Professor Wheatstone, consisting of a reflecting knob at the end of a vibrating rod or thin plate, for making visible, in the motion of a point of light reflected from the knob, the paths or curves corresponding with the musical notes produced by the vibrations.

Ka*lei"do*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; beautiful + &?; form + -scope.] An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains loose fragments of colored glass, etc., and reflecting surfaces so arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless variety of beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. It has been much employed in arts of design.

Shifting like the fragments of colored glass in the kaleidoscope.
G. W. Cable.

{ Ka*lei`do*scop"ic (?), Ka*lei`do*scop"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a kaleidoscope; variegated.

Kal"en*dar (?), n. See Calendar.

Kal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. See Calendarial.

Kal"en*der (?), n. See 3d Calender.

Kal"ends (?), n. Same as Calends.

||Ka"li (?), n. [Skr. kali.] (Hind. Cosmog.) The last and worst of the four ages of the world; -- considered to have begun B. C. 3102, and to last 432,000 years.

||Ka"li, n. [Skr. kālī.] (Hind. Myth.) The black, destroying goddess; -- called also Doorga, Anna Purna.

Ka"li (?), n. [Ar. qali. See Alkali.] (Bot.) The glasswort (Salsola Kali).

Ka"lif (?), n. See Caliph.

Ka"li*form (?), a. [Kali + - form.] Formed like kali, or glasswort.

Ka*lig"e*nous (?), a. [Kali + -genous. See Alkali.] Forming alkalies with oxygen, as some metals.

Ka"li*um (?), n. [NL. See Kali.] (Chem.) Potassium; -- so called by the German chemists.

||Kal"ki (?), n. [Skr.] The name of Vishnu in his tenth and last avatar. Whitworth.

||Kal"mi*a (?), n. [NL. Named in honor of Peter Kalm, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of North American shrubs with poisonous evergreen foliage and corymbs of showy flowers. Called also mountain laurel, ivy bush, lamb kill, calico bush, etc.

Kal"muck (?), n. 1. pl. (Ethnol.) See Calmucks.

2. A kind of shaggy cloth, resembling bearskin.

3. A coarse, dyed, cotton cloth, made in Prussia.

Ka*long" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A fruit bat, esp. the Indian edible fruit bat (Pteropus edulis).

Ka*loy"er (?), n. See Caloyer.

||Kal"pa (?), n. [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.) One of the Brahmanic eons, a period of 4,320,000,000 years. At the end of each Kalpa the world is annihilated.

Kal"so*mine (?), n. & v. t. Same as Calcimine.

Kam (?), a. [From Celtic; cf. Gael., Ir., & W. cam. Cf. Jamb, n.] Crooked; awry. [Obs.] "This is clean kam." Shak.

||Ka"ma (?), n. [Skr. kāma love, the god of love.] The Hindoo Cupid. He is represented as a beautiful youth, with a bow of sugar cane or flowers.

Ka*ma"la (?), n. (Bot.) The red dusty hairs of the capsules of an East Indian tree (Mallotus Philippinensis) used for dyeing silk. It is violently emetic, and is used in the treatment of tapeworm. [Written also kameela.]

Kame (?), n. A low ridge. [Scot.] See Eschar.

||Ka"mi (?), n. pl. [Japanese.] A title given to the celestial gods of the first mythical dynasty of Japan and extended to the demigods of the second dynasty, and then to the long line of spiritual princes still represented by the mikado.

Ka"mi*chi (?), n. (Zoöl.) A curious South American bird (Anhima, or Palamedea, cornuta), often domesticated by the natives and kept with poultry, which it defends against birds of prey. It has a long, slender, hornlike ornament on its head, and two sharp spurs on each wing. Although its beak, feet, and legs resemble those of gallinaceous birds, it is related in anatomical characters to the ducks and geese (Anseres). Called also horned screamer. The name is sometimes applied also to the chaja. See Chaja, and Screamer.

Kamp*tu"li*con (?), n. [Gr. &?; to bend + &?; material, fr. &?; wood, matter.] A kind of elastic floor cloth, made of India rubber, gutta-percha, linseed oil, and powdered cork.

Kam"py*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; bent, curved, fr. &?; to bend.] (Min.) A variety of mimetite or arseniate of lead in hexagonal prisms of a fine orange yellow. [Written also campylite.]

{ Kam*sin", Kham*sin" } (?), n. [Ar. khamsīn, fr. khamsūn, oblique case khamsīn, fifty; -- so called because it blows for about fifty days, from April till June.] A hot southwesterly wind in Egypt, coming from the Sahara. [Written also Khamseen.]

Kam"tscha*dales (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) An aboriginal tribe inhabiting the southern part of Kamtschatka.

Kan (?), v. t. To know; to ken. [Obs.] See Ken.

Kan (?), n. See Khan.

{ Ka*nack"a (?), Ka*na"ka (?), } n. [Native name, prop., a man.] A native of the Sandwich Islands.

Kan"chil (?), n. [Malay canchīl.] (Zoöl.) A small chevrotain of the genus Tragulus, esp. T. pygmæus, or T. kanchil, inhabiting Java, Sumatra, and adjacent islands; a deerlet. It is noted for its agility and cunning.

Kand (?), n. (Mining) Fluor spar; -- so called by Cornish miners.

Kan"ga*roo" (?), n. [Said to be the native name.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family Macropodidæ. They inhabit Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo (Macropus major) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or fourteen feet in total length. The tree kangaroos, belonging to the genus Dendrolagus, live in trees; the rock kangaroos, of the genus Petrogale, inhabit rocky situations; and the brush kangaroos, of the genus Halmaturus, inhabit wooded districts. See Wallaby.

Kangaroo apple (Bot.), the edible fruit of the Tasmanian plant Solanum aviculare. -- Kangaroo grass (Bot.), a perennial Australian forage grass (Anthistiria australis). -- Kangaroo hare (Zoöl.), the jerboa kangaroo. See under Jerboa. -- Kangaroo mouse. (Zoöl.) See Jumping mouse, under Jumping. -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo.

Kan"sas (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians allied to the Winnebagoes and Osages. They formerly inhabited the region which is now the State of Kansas, but were removed to the Indian Territory.

Kant"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher; conformed or relating to any or all of the philosophical doctrines of Immanuel Kant.

Kant"i*an, n. A follower of Kant; a Kantist.

{ Kant"i*an*ism, Kant"ism } (?), n. The doctrine or theory of Kant; the Kantian philosophy.

Kant"ist n. A disciple or follower of Kant.

Kant"try (?), n. Same as Cantred.

{ Ka"o*lin, Ka"o*line } (?), n. [Chin. kao-ling.] (Min.) A very pure white clay, ordinarily in the form of an impalpable powder, and used to form the paste of porcelain; China clay; porcelain clay. It is chiefly derived from the decomposition of common feldspar.

&fist; The name is now applied to all porcelain clays which endure the fire without discoloration.

Ka`o*lin`i*za"tion (?), n. The process by which feldspar is changed into kaolin.

Ka"o*lin*ize (?), v. t. To convert into kaolin.

||Ka*pel"le (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) A chapel; hence, the choir or orchestra of a prince's chapel; now, a musical establishment, usually orchestral. Grove.

||Ka*pell"meis`ter (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) See Capellmeister.

Ka"pi*a (?), n. [Native name.] (Min.) The fossil resin of the kauri tree of New Zealand.

Kap"no*mar (?), n. (Chem.) See Capnomor.

Kar"a*gane (?), n. [Russ. karagan'] (Zoöl.) A species of gray fox found in Russia.

Ka"ra*ism (?), n. Doctrines of the Karaites.

Ka"ra*ite (?), n. [Heb. qārā to read.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of Jews who adhere closely to the letter of the Scriptures, rejecting the oral law, and allowing the Talmud no binding authority; -- opposed to the Rabbinists.

Ka*ra"tas (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian plant of the Pineapple family (Nidularium Karatas).

Kar"ma (?), n. [Skr.] (Buddhism) One's acts considered as fixing one's lot in the future existence. (Theos.) The doctrine of fate as the inflexible result of cause and effect; the theory of inevitable consequence.

Kar*ma"thi*an (?), n. One of a Mohammedan sect founded in the ninth century by Karmat.

Karn (?), n. [Cornish. Cf. Cairn.] (Mining) A pile of rocks; sometimes, the solid rock. See Cairn.

Ka"rob (?), n. [Cf. Carat.] The twenty-fourth part of a grain; -- a weight used by goldsmiths. Crabb.

Kar"pho*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; rice straw + -lite: cf. F. carpholithe.] (Min.) A fibrous mineral occurring in tufts of a straw-yellow color. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and manganese.

Kar*roo" (k&adot;r*r&oomac;"), n.; pl. Karroos (-r&oomac;z"). One of the dry table-lands of South Africa, which often rise terracelike to considerable elevations. [Also karoo.]

The Great Karroo, or The Karroo, a vast plateau, in Cape Colony, stretching through five degrees of longitude, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet.

Kar"sten*ite (?), n. Same as Anhydrite.

Kar"vel (?), n. [Obs.] See Carvel, and Caravel.

||Kar"y*o*ki*ne`sis (kăr`&ibreve;*&osl;*k&isl;*nē"s&ibreve;s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ka`ryon a nut, kernel + kinei^n to move.] (Biol.) The indirect division of cells in which, prior to division of the cell protoplasm, complicated changes take place in the nucleus, attended with movement of the nuclear fibrils; -- opposed to karyostenosis. The nucleus becomes enlarged and convoluted, and finally the threads are separated into two groups which ultimately become disconnected and constitute the daughter nuclei. Called also mitosis. See Cell development, under Cell.

Kar`y*o*ki*net"ic (-n&ebreve;t"&ibreve;k), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to karyokinesis; as, karyokinetic changes of cell division.

||Kar`y*om"i*ton (-&obreve;m"&ibreve;*t&obreve;n), n. [NL., Gr. ka`ryon a nut + mi`tos a thread.] (Biol.) The reticular network of fine fibers, of which the nucleus of a cell is in part composed; -- in opposition to kytomiton, or the network in the body of the cell. W. Flemming.

||Kar`y*o*plas"ma (kăr`&ibreve;*&osl;*plăz"m&adot;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ka`ryon a nut + pla`sma a thing molded.] (Biol.) The protoplasmic substance of the nucleus of a cell: nucleoplasm; -- in opposition to kytoplasma, the protoplasm of the cell.

||Kar`y*o*ste*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ka`ryon a nut, kernel + &?; a being straitened.] (Biol.) Direct cell division (in which there is first a simple division of the nucleus, without any changes in its structure, followed by division of the protoplasm of the cell); -- in opposition to karyokinesis.
[1913 Webster]

Kar`y*o*ste*not"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or connected with, karyostenosis; as, the karyostenotic mode of nuclear division.

Ka*sack" (kăt), n. (Ethnol.) Same as Cossack.

Kat (kät), n. (Bot.) An Arabian shrub (Catha edulis) the leaves of which are used as tea by the Arabs.

Kat`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to katabolism; as, katabolic processes, which give rise to substances (katastates) of decreasing complexity and increasing stability.

Ka*tab"o*lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; down + &?; to throw.] (Physiol.) Destructive or downward metabolism; regressive metamorphism; -- opposed to anabolism. See Disassimilation.

Kat"a*state (?), n. [Gr. (&?;) down + (&?;) to cause to stand.] (Physiol.) A substance formed by a katabolic process; -- opposed to anastate. See Katabolic.

Kate (?), n. (Zoöl.) The brambling finch.

Kath"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. &?; a perpendicular line. See Cathetus.] (Math.) Making a right angle; perpendicular, as two lines or two sides of a triangle, which include a right angle.

Kath`e*tom"e*ter (?), n. Same as Cathetometer.

Kat`ti*mun"doo (?), n. A caoutchouc-like substance obtained from the milky juice of the East Indian Euphorbia Kattimundoo. It is used as a cement.

Ka"ty*did` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large, green, arboreal, orthopterous insect (Cyrtophyllus concavus) of the family Locustidæ, common in the United States. The males have stridulating organs at the bases of the front wings. During the summer and autumn, in the evening, the males make a peculiar, loud, shrill sound, resembling the combination Katy-did, whence the name.

||Ka"u*ri (?), n. [Native name.] (Bot.) A lofty coniferous tree of New Zealand Agathis, or Dammara, australis), furnishing valuable timber and yielding one kind of dammar resin. [Written also kaudi, cowdie, and cowrie.]

Ka"va (?), n. [Polynesian.] (Bot.) A species of Macropiper (M. methysticum), the long pepper, from the root of which an intoxicating beverage is made by the Polynesians, by a process of mastication; also, the beverage itself. [Written also kawa, kava, and ava.]

Ka*vass" (?), n.; pl. Kavasses (#) [Turk. kāvvās] An armed constable; also, a government servant or courier. [Turkey]

Kaw (?), v. i. & n. See Caw.

Ka*wa"ka (?), n. (Bot.) a New Zealand tree, the Cypress cedar (Libocedrus Doniana), having a valuable, fine-grained, reddish wood.

Kawn (?), n. An inn. [Turkey] See Khan.

Kay"ak (?), n. (Naut.) A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other Arctic tribes.

Kay"ak*er (?), n. One who uses a kayak.

Kay"ko (?), n. (Zoöl.) The dog salmon.

Kayles (?), n. pl. [Akin to Dan. kegle, Sw. kegla, D. & G. kegel, OHG. kegil, whence F. quille.] A game; ninepins. [Prov Eng.] Carew.

Kay"nard (?), n. [F. cagnard.] A lazy or cowardly person; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Keck (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kecking.] [Cf. dial. G. köcken, köken.] To heave or to retch, as in an effort to vomit. [R.] Swift.

Keck, n. An effort to vomit; queasiness. [R.]

Kec"kle (?), v. i. & n. See Keck, v. i. & n.

Kec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keckling (?).] (Naut.) To wind old rope around, as a cable, to preserve its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains around, to defend from the friction of a rocky bottom, or from the ice. Totten.

Kec"kling (?), n. Old rope or iron chains wound around a cable. See Keckle, v. t.

Kec"klish (?), a. [From keck, keckle.] Inclined to vomit; squeamish. [R.] Holland.

Keck"sy (?), n.; pl. Kecksies (-s&ibreve;z). [Properly pl. of kex. See Kex.] (Bot.) The hollow stalk of an umbelliferous plant, such as the cow parsnip or the hemlock. [Written also kex, and in pl., kecks, kaxes.]

Nothing teems
But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs.
Shak.

Keck"y (?), a. Resembling a kecksy. Grew.

Kedge (k&ebreve;j), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kedged (k&ebreve;jd); p. pr. & vb. n. Kedging.] [Cf. dial. Sw. keka to tug, to drag one's self slowly forward; or perh. fr. ked, and kedge, n., for keg anchor, named from the keg or cask fastened to the anchor to show where it lies.] (Naut.) To move (a vessel) by carrying out a kedge in a boat, dropping it overboard, and hauling the vessel up to it.

Kedge, n. [See Kedge, v. t.] (Naut.) A small anchor used whenever a large one can be dispensed with. See Kedge, v. t., and Anchor, n.

Kedg"er (?) n. (Naut.) A small anchor; a kedge.

Ked"lock (k&ebreve;d"l&obreve;k), n. [Cf. dial. G. köddik, küdik, kettich, keek, Dan. kidike, E. charlock, and AS. cedelc the herb mercury.] (Bot.) See Charlock.

Kee (kē), n. pl. of Cow. [AS. c&ymacr;, pl. of cū cow. See Kine.] See Kie, Ky, and Kine. [Prov. Eng.] Gay.

Keech (kēch), n. [Cf. Prov. E. keech a cake.] A mass or lump of fat rolled up by the butcher. [Obs.] Shak.

Keel (kēl), v. t. & i. [AS. cēlan to cool, fr. cōl cool. See Cool.] To cool; to skim or stir. [Obs.]

While greasy Joan doth keel the pot.
Shak.

Keel, n. A brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.

Keel, n. [Cf. AS. ceól ship; akin to D. & G. kiel keel, OHG. chiol ship, Icel. kjōll, and perh. to Gr. gay^los a round-built Phœnician merchant vessel, gaylo`s bucket; cf. Skr. gōla ball, round water vessel. But the meaning of the English word seems to come from Icel. kjölr keel, akin to Sw. köl, Dan. kjöl.] 1. (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together, extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden ship. See Illust. of Keelson.

2. Fig.: The whole ship.

3. A barge or lighter, used on the Tyne for carrying coal from Newcastle; also, a barge load of coal, twenty-one tons, four cwt. [Eng.]

4. (Bot.) The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower, united and inclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina. See Carina.

5. (Nat. Hist.) A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curved surface.

Bilge keel (Naut.), a keel peculiar to ironclad vessels, extending only a portion of the length of the vessel under the bilges. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- False keel. See under False. -- Keel boat. (a) A covered freight boat, with a keel, but no sails, used on Western rivers. [U. S.] (b) A low, flat-bottomed freight boat. See Keel, n., 3. -- Keel piece, one of the timbers or sections of which a keel is composed. -- On even keel, in a level or horizontal position, so that the draught of water at the stern and the bow is the same. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Keel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keeling.] 1. To traverse with a keel; to navigate.

2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom.

To keel over, to upset; to capsize. [Colloq.]

Keel"age (?), n. [Cf. F. guillage, fr. guille keel; of German or Scand origin. See 3d Keel.] The right of demanding a duty or toll for a ship entering a port; also, the duty or toll. Bouvier. Wharton.

Keeled (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as, a keeled leaf.

2. (Zoöl.) Having a median ridge; carinate; as, a keeled scale.

Keel"er (?), n. [See 3d Keel.] 1. One employed in managing a Newcastle keel; -- called also keelman.

2. A small or shallow tub; esp., one used for holding materials for calking ships, or one used for washing dishes, etc.

Keel"fat` (?), n. [Keel to cool + fat a large tub, a vat.] (Brewing) A cooler; a vat for cooling wort, etc. [Written also keelvat.] Johnson.

Keel"haul` (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keelhauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keelhauling.] [3d keel + haul: cf. LG. & D. kielhalen, G. kielholen. ] [Written also keelhale.] (Naut.) To haul under the keel of a ship, by ropes attached to the yardarms on each side. It was formerly practiced as a punishment in the Dutch and English navies. Totten.

Kee"ling (?), n. [Cf. Icel. keila, Sw. kolja, Dan. kulle.] (Zoöl.) A cod.

Kee"li*vine (?), n. [Cf. Gael. cil ruddle.] A pencil of black or red lead; -- called also keelyvine pen. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Keel"man (?), n.; pl. - men (&?;). See Keeler, 1.

Keel"rake` (?), v. t. (Naut.) Same as Keelhaul.

Keels (?), n. pl. Ninepins. See Kayles.

Keel"son (?), n. [Akin to Sw. kölsvin, Dan. kjölsviin, G. kielschwein; apparently compounded of the words keel and swine; but cf. Norweg. kjölsvill, where svill is akin to E. sill, n. ] (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber in a ship laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the keel, and binding the floor timbers to the keel; in iron vessels, a structure of plates, situated like the keelson of a timber ship.

Cross keelson, a similar structure lying athwart the main keelson, to support the engines and boilers.

Keel"vat` (kēl"văt`), n. See Keelfat.

Keen (kēn), a. [Compar. Keener (-&etilde;r); superl. Keenest.] [OE. kene sharp, bold, AS. cēne bold; akin to D. koen, OHG. kuoni, G. kühn, OSw. kyn, kön, Icel. kænn, for kœnn wise; perh. akin to E. ken, can to be able. √45. ] 1. Sharp; having a fine edge or point; as, a keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge.

A bow he bare and arwes [arrows] bright and kene.
Chaucer.

That my keen knife see not the wound it makes.
Shak.

2. Acute of mind; sharp; penetrating; having or expressing mental acuteness; as, a man of keen understanding; a keen look; keen features.

To make our wits more keen.
Shak.

Before the keen inquiry of her thought.
Cowper.

3. Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; cutting; stinging; severe; as, keen satire or sarcasm.

Good father cardinal, cry thou amen
To my keen curses.
Shak.

4. Piercing; penetrating; cutting; sharp; -- applied to cold, wind, etc.; as, a keen wind; the cold is very keen.

Breasts the keen air, and carols as he goes.
Goldsmith.

5. Eager; vehement; fierce; as, a keen appetite. "Of full kene will." Piers Plowman.

So keen and greedy to confound a man.
Shak.

&fist; Keen is often used in the composition of words, most of which are of obvious signification; as, keen-edged, keen-eyed, keen-sighted, keen-witted, etc.

Syn. -- Prompt; eager; ardent; sharp; acute; cutting; penetrating; biting; severe; sarcastic; satirical; piercing; shrewd.

Keen, v. t. To sharpen; to make cold. [R.]

Cold winter keens the brightening flood.
Thomson.

Keen, n. [Ir. caoine.] A prolonged wail for a deceased person. Cf. Coranach. [Ireland] Froude.

Keen, v. i. To wail as a keener does. [Ireland]

Keen"er (?), n. A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland]

Keen"ly, adv. In a keen manner.

Keen"ness, n. The quality or state of being keen.

Keep (kēp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kept (k&ebreve;pt); p. pr. & vb. n. Keeping.] [OE. kēpen, AS. cēpan to keep, regard, desire, await, take, betake; cf. AS. copenere lover, OE. copnien to desire.] 1. To care; to desire. [Obs.]

I kepe not of armes for to yelp [boast].
Chaucer.

2. To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to detain.

If we lose the field,
We can not keep the town.
Shak.

That I may know what keeps me here with you.
Dryden.

If we would weigh and keep in our minds what we are considering, that would instruct us.
Locke.

3. To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to maintain unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or tenor.

His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.
Milton.

Keep a stiff rein, and move but gently on.
Addison.

&fist; In this sense it is often used with prepositions and adverbs, as to keep away, to keep down, to keep from, to keep in, out, or off, etc. "To keep off impertinence and solicitation from his superior." Addison.

4. To have in custody; to have in some place for preservation; to take charge of.

The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always kept in the castle of Vicegrade.
Knolles.

5. To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard.

Behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee.
Gen. xxviii. 15.

6. To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to communicate, reveal, or betray, as a secret.

Great are thy virtues . . . though kept from man.
Milton.

7. To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend.

And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it.
Gen. ii. 15.

In her girlish age, she kept sheep on the moor.
Carew.

8. To record transactions, accounts, or events in; as, to keep books, a journal, etc.; also, to enter (as accounts, records, etc. ) in a book.

9. To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the like; to conduct; to manage; as, to keep store.

Like a pedant that keeps a school.
Shak.

Every one of them kept house by himself.
Hayward.

10. To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; as, to keep boarders.

11. To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an assistant, a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc.

I keep but three men and a boy.
Shak.

12. To have habitually in stock for sale.

13. To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to keep silence; to keep one's word; to keep possession.

Both day and night did we keep company.
Shak.

Within this portal as I kept my watch.
Smollett.

14. To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from or violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to neglect; to be faithful to.

I have kept the faith.
2 Tim. iv. 7.

Him whom to love is to obey, and keep
His great command.
Milton.

15. To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; as, to keep one's house, room, bed, etc.; hence, to haunt; to frequent. Shak.

'Tis hallowed ground;
Fairies, and fawns, and satyrs do it keep.
J. Fletcher.

16. To observe duly, as a festival, etc.; to celebrate; to solemnize; as, to keep a feast.

I went with them to the house of God . . . with a multitude that kept holyday.
Ps. xlii. 4.

To keep at arm's length. See under Arm, n. -- To keep back. (a) To reserve; to withhold. "I will keep nothing back from you." Jer. xlii. 4. (b) To restrain; to hold back. "Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins." Ps. xix. 13. -- To keep company with. (a) To frequent the society of; to associate with; as, let youth keep company with the wise and good. (b) To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a voyage; also, to pay court to, or accept attentions from, with a view to marriage. [Colloq.] -- To keep counsel. See under Counsel, n. -- To keep down. (a) To hold in subjection; to restrain; to hinder. (b) (Fine Arts) To subdue in tint or tone, as a portion of a picture, so that the spectator's attention may not be diverted from the more important parts of the work. -- To keep good (or bad) hours, to be customarily early (or late) in returning home or in retiring to rest. -- To keep house. (a) To occupy a separate house or establishment, as with one's family, as distinguished from boarding; to manage domestic affairs. (b) (Eng. Bankrupt Law) To seclude one's self in one's house in order to evade the demands of creditors. -- To keep one's hand in, to keep in practice. -- To keep open house, to be hospitable. -- To keep the peace (Law), to avoid or to prevent a breach of the peace. -- To keep school, to govern, manage and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor. -- To keep a stiff upper lip, to keep up one's courage. [Slang] -- To keep term. (a) (Eng. Universities) To reside during a term. (b) (Inns of Court) To eat a sufficient number of dinners in hall to make the term count for the purpose of being called to the bar. [Eng.] Mozley & W. -- To keep touch. See under Touch, n. -- To keep under, to hold in subjection; hence, to oppress. -- To keep up. (a) To maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's credit. (b) To maintain; to continue; to prevent from ceasing. "In joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it." Locke.

Syn. -- To retain; detain; reserve; preserve; hold; restrain; maintain; sustain; support; withhold. -- To Keep. Retain, Preserve. Keep is the generic term, and is often used where retain or preserve would too much restrict the meaning; as, to keep silence, etc. Retain denotes that we keep or hold things, as against influences which might deprive us of them, or reasons which might lead us to give them up; as, to retain vivacity in old age; to retain counsel in a lawsuit; to retain one's servant after a reverse of fortune. Preserve denotes that we keep a thing against agencies which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon; as, to preserve one's health; to preserve appearances.

Keep (?), v. i. 1. To remain in any position or state; to continue; to abide; to stay; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out reach.

2. To last; to endure; to remain unimpaired.

If the malt be not thoroughly dried, the ale it makes will not keep.
Mortimer.

3. To reside for a time; to lodge; to dwell. [Now disused except locally or colloquially.]

Knock at his study, where, they say, he keeps.
Shak.

4. To take care; to be solicitous; to watch. [Obs.]

Keep that the lusts choke not the word of God that is in us.
Tyndale.

5. To be in session; as, school keeps to-day. [Colloq.]

To keep from, to abstain or refrain from. -- To keep in with, to keep on good terms with; as, to keep in with an opponent. -- To keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance. -- To keep to, to adhere strictly to; not to neglect or deviate from; as, to keep to old customs; to keep to a rule; to keep to one's word or promise. -- To keep up, to remain unsubdued; also, not to be confined to one's bed.

Keep, n. 1. The act or office of keeping; custody; guard; care; heed; charge. Chaucer.

Pan, thou god of shepherds all,
Which of our tender lambkins takest keep.
Spenser.

2. The state of being kept; hence, the resulting condition; case; as, to be in good keep.

3. The means or provisions by which one is kept; maintenance; support; as, the keep of a horse.

Grass equal to the keep of seven cows.
Carlyle.

I performed some services to the college in return for my keep.
T. Hughes.

4. That which keeps or protects; a stronghold; a fortress; a castle; specifically, the strongest and securest part of a castle, often used as a place of residence by the lord of the castle, especially during a siege; the donjon. See Illust. of Castle.

The prison strong,
Within whose keep the captive knights were laid.
Dryden.

The lower chambers of those gloomy keeps.
Hallam.

I think . . . the keep, or principal part of a castle, was so called because the lord and his domestic circle kept, abode, or lived there.
M. A. Lower.

5. That which is kept in charge; a charge. [Obs.]

Often he used of his keep
A sacrifice to bring.
Spenser.

6. (Mach.) A cap for retaining anything, as a journal box, in place.

To take keep, to take care; to heed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Keep"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, keeps; one who, or that which, holds or has possession of anything.

2. One who retains in custody; one who has the care of a prison and the charge of prisoners.

3. One who has the care, custody, or superintendence of anything; as, the keeper of a park, a pound, of sheep, of a gate, etc.; the keeper of attached property; hence, one who saves from harm; a defender; a preserver.

The Lord is thy keeper.
Ps. cxxi. 6.

4. One who remains or keeps in a place or position.

Discreet; chaste; keepers at home.
Titus ii. 5.

5. A ring, strap, clamp, or any device for holding an object in place; as: (a) The box on a door jamb into which the bolt of a lock protrudes, when shot. (b) A ring serving to keep another ring on the finger. (c) A loop near the buckle of a strap to receive the end of the strap.

6. A fruit that keeps well; as, the Roxbury Russet is a good keeper. Downing.

Keeper of the forest (O. Eng. Law), an officer who had the principal government of all things relating to the forest. -- Keeper of the great seal, a high officer of state, who has custody of the great seal. The office is now united with that of lord chancellor. [Eng.] -- Keeper of the King's conscience, the lord chancellor; -- a name given when the chancellor was an ecclesiastic. [Eng.] -- Keeper of the privy seal (styled also lord privy seal), a high officer of state, through whose hands pass all charters, pardons, etc., before they come to the great seal. He is a privy councillor, and was formerly called clerk of the privy seal. [Eng.] -- Keeper of a magnet, a piece of iron which connects the two poles, for the purpose of keeping the magnetic power undiminished; an armature.

Keep"er*ship (?), n. The office or position of a keeper. Carew.

Keep"ing, n. 1. A holding; restraint; custody; guard; charge; care; preservation.

His happiness is in his own keeping.
South.

2. Maintenance; support; provision; feed; as, the cattle have good keeping.

The work of many hands, which earns my keeping.
Milton.

3. Conformity; congruity; harmony; consistency; as, these subjects are in keeping with each other.

4. (Paint.) Harmony or correspondence between the different parts of a work of art; as, the foreground of this painting is not in keeping.

Keeping room, a family sitting room. [New Eng. & Prov. Eng.]

Syn. -- Care; guardianship; custody; possession.

Keep"sake` (?), n. Anything kept, or given to be kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship.

Keesh (?), n. See Kish.

Keeve (?), n. [AS. c&?;f, fr. L. cupa a tub, cask; also, F. cuve. Cf. Kive, Coop.] 1. (Brewing) A vat or tub in which the mash is made; a mash tub. Ure.

2. (Bleaching) A bleaching vat; a kier.

3. (Mining) A large vat used in dressing ores.

Keeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keeved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keeving.] 1. To set in a keeve, or tub, for fermentation.

2. To heave; to tilt, as a cart. [Prov. Eng.]

Keev"er (?), n. See Keeve, n.

Kef"fe-kil (?), n. (Min.) See Kiefekil.

Keg (k&ebreve;g), n. [Earlier cag, Icel. kaggi; akin to Sw. kagge.] A small cask or barrel.

Keil"hau*ite (kīl"hou*īt), n. (Min.) A mineral of a brownish black color, related to titanite in form. It consists chiefly of silica, titanium dioxide, lime, and yttria.

Keir (?), n. See Kier.

||Keit*lo"a (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A black, two-horned, African rhinoceros (Atelodus keitloa). It has the posterior horn about as long as the anterior one, or even longer.

Keld (?), a. [Cf. Cavl.] Having a kell or covering; webbed. [Obs.] Drayton.

Kele (?), v. t. [See Keel to cool.] To cool. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Kell (?), n. A kiln. [Obs.]

Kell, n. [A modification of kale.] A sort of pottage; kale. See Kale, 2. Ainsworth.

Kell, n. [Cf. Caul.] 1. The caul; that which covers or envelops as a caul; a net; a fold; a film. [Obs.]

I'll have him cut to the kell.
Beau. & Fl.

2. The cocoon or chrysalis of an insect. B. Jonson.

Ke"loid (?), a. [Gr. &?; tumor + - oid.] (Med.) Applied to a variety of tumor forming hard, flat, irregular excrescences upon the skin. -- n. A keloid tumor.

Ke*lot"o*my (?), n. (Med.) See Celotomy.

Kelp (?), n. [Formerly kilpe; of unknown origin.] 1. The calcined ashes of seaweed, -- formerly much used in the manufacture of glass, now used in the manufacture of iodine.

2. (Bot.) Any large blackish seaweed.

&fist; Laminaria is the common kelp of Great Britain; Macrocystis pyrifera and Nereocystis Lutkeana are the great kelps of the Pacific Ocean.

Kelp crab (Zoöl.), a California spider crab (Epialtus productus), found among seaweeds, which it resembles in color. -- Kelp salmon (Zoöl.), a serranoid food fish (Serranus clathratus) of California. See Cabrilla.

Kelp"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small California food fish (Heterostichus rostratus), living among kelp. The name is also applied to species of the genus Platyglossus.

{ Kel"pie, Kel"py }, n.; pl. Kelpies (#). [Cf. Gael. cailpeach, calpach, colpach, a heifer, steer, colt, colpa a cow or horse.] (Scotch Myth.) An imaginary spirit of the waters, horselike in form, vulgarly believed to warn, by preternatural noises and lights, those who are to be drowned. Jamieson.

Kelp"ware` (?), n. Same as Kelp, 2.

Kel"son (?), n. See Keelson. Sir W. Raleigh.

Kelt (?), n. See Kilt, n. Jamieson.

Kelt, n. [Cf. Icel. kult quilt.] Cloth with the nap, generally of native black wool. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Kelt, n. A salmon after spawning. [Scot.]

Kelt, n. Same as Celt, one of Celtic race.

Kel"ter (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. cealt clothes, Gael. cealltair spear, castle, cause, Prov. E. kilter tool, instrument. Cf. Kilt.] Regular order or proper condition. [Written also kilter.] [>Colloq.]

If the organs of prayer be out of kelter or out of tune, how can we pray?
Barrow.

Kelt"ic (k&ebreve;lt"&ibreve;k), a. & n. Same as Celtic, a. & n.

Kemb (k&ebreve;m), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kembed (k&ebreve;md) or Kempt (k&ebreve;mt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Kembing.] [OE. kemben, AS. cemban, fr. camb comb.] To comb. [Obs.]

His longe hair was kembed behind his back.
Chaucer.

Kem"e*lin (k&ebreve;m"&esl;*l&ibreve;n), n. [Cf. Prov. E. kemlin, kimlin, kimmel, a salting tub, any tub, kembing a brewing tub, G. kumme bowl, basin, W. cwmman a tub, brewing tub.] A tub; a brewer's vessel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Kemp (k&ebreve;mp), Kemp"ty (?), } n. Coarse, rough hair in wool or fur, injuring its quality.

Kem"pe (k&ebreve;m"pe), a. Rough; shaggy. [Obs.] "Kempe hairs." Chaucer.

Kemps (k&ebreve;mps), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) The long flower stems of the ribwort plantain (Plantago Lanceolata). Dr. Prior.

Kempt (k&ebreve;mt; 215), p. p. of Kemb. B. Jonson.

Ken (k&ebreve;n), n. [Perh. from kennel.] A house; esp., one which is a resort for thieves. [Slang, Eng.]

Ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kenned (k&ebreve;nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Kenning.] [OE. kennen to teach, make known, know, AS. cennan to make known, proclaim, or rather from the related Icel. kenna to know; akin to D. & G. kennen to know, Goth. kannjan to make known; orig., a causative corresponding to AS. cunnan to know, Goth. kunnan. √45. See Can to be able, Know.] 1. To know; to understand; to take cognizance of. [Archaic or Scot.]

2. To recognize; to descry; to discern. [Archaic or Scot.] "We ken them from afar." Addison

'T is he. I ken the manner of his gait.
Shak.

Ken, v. i. To look around. [Obs.] Burton.

Ken, n. Cognizance; view; especially, reach of sight or knowledge. "Beyond his ken." Longfellow.

Above the reach and ken of a mortal apprehension.
South.

It was relief to quit the ken
And the inquiring looks of men.
Trench.

{ Ken"dal green` (?), or Ken"dal. } A cloth colored green by dye obtained from the woad-waxen, formerly used by Flemish weavers at Kendal, in Westmoreland, England. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

How couldst thou know these men in Kendal green ?
Shak.

Ken"nel (?), n. [See Channel, Canal.] The water course of a street; a little canal or channel; a gutter; also, a puddle. Bp. Hall.

Ken"nel, n. [OE. kenel, (assumed) OF. kenil, F. chenil, LL. canile, fr. L. canis a dog. Cf. Canine.] 1. A house for a dog or for dogs, or for a pack of hounds.

A dog sure, if he could speak, had wit enough to describe his kennel.
Sir P. Sidney.

2. A pack of hounds, or a collection of dogs. Shak.

3. The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.

Ken"nel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kenneled (?) or Kennelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Kennelling.] To lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox.

The dog kenneled in a hollow tree.
L'Estrange.

Ken"nel, v. t. To put or keep in a kennel. Thomson.

Ken"nel coal` (?). See Cannel coal.

Ken"ning (?), n. [See Ken, v. t.] 1. Range of sight. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. The limit of vision at sea, being a distance of about twenty miles.

Ke"no (?), n. [F. quine five winning numbers, fr. L. quini five each, quinque five. See Five.] A gambling game, a variety of the game of lotto, played with balls or knobs, numbered, and cards also numbered. [U. S.]

Ken`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?; new + E. genesis.] (Biol.) Modified evolution, in which nonprimitive characters make their appearance in consequence of a secondary adaptation of the embryo to the peculiar conditions of its environment; -- distinguished from palingenesis. [Written also cænogenesis.]

Ken`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to kenogenesis; as, kenogenetic processes. -- Ken`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Ken"spec`kle (?), a. Having so marked an appearance as easily to be recognized. [Scot.]

Kent" bu"gle (?). [Probably named after a Duke of Kent.] (Mus.) A curved bugle, having six finger keys or stops, by means of which the performer can play upon every key in the musical scale; -- called also keyed bugle, and key bugle. Moore.

Ken"tle (?), n. [From Quintal.] (Com.) A hundred weight; a quintal.

Kent"ledge (?), n. [OF. cant edge, corner, D. kant. See Cant edge, angle.] (Naut.) Pigs of iron used for ballast. [Written also kintlidge.]

Ken*tuck"y (?), n. One of the United States.

Kentucky blue grass (Bot.), a valuable pasture and meadow grass (Poa pratensis), found in both Europe and America. See under Blue grass. -- Kentucky coffee tree (Bot.), a tall North American tree (Gymnocladus Canadensis) with bipinnate leaves. It produces large woody pods containing a few seeds which have been used as a substitute for coffee. The timber is very valuable.

Keph"a*lin (k&ebreve;f"&adot;*l&ibreve;n), n. [Gr. kefalh` the head.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of nitrogenous phosphorized principles, supposed by Thudichum to exist in brain tissue.

Kept (?), imp. & p. p. of Keep.

Kept mistress, a concubine; a woman supported by a man as his paramour.

Ke*ram"ic (?), a. Same as Ceramic.

Ke*ram"ics (?), n. Same as Ceramics.

Ker`a*mo*graph"ic (?), a. [Gr. ke`ramos tile + graph + ic.] Suitable to be written upon; capable of being written upon, as a slate; -- said especially of a certain kind of globe. Scudamore.

Ke*ra"na (?), n. (Mus.) A kind of long trumpet, used among the Persians. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Ke*rar"gy*rite (?), n. See Cerargyrite.

Ker"a*sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance free from phosphorus, supposed to be present in the brain; a body closely related to cerebrin.

Ker"a*sine (?), a. [Gr. ke`ras horn.] Resembling horn; horny; corneous.

Ker"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. ke`ras, -atos, horn.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, or mixture of substances, containing sulphur in a loose state of combination, and forming the chemical basis of epidermal tissues, such as horn, hair, feathers, and the like. It is an insoluble substance, and, unlike elastin, is not dissolved even by gastric or pancreatic juice. By decomposition with sulphuric acid it yields leucin and tyrosin, as does albumin. Called also epidermose.

||Ker`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ke`ras, -atos, horn + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the cornea.

Ker"a*tode (?), n. See Keratose.

Ker`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. ke`ras, -atos, horn + -genous.] Producing horn; as, the keratogenous membrane within the horny hoof of the horse.

||Ker`a*toi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ke`ras, -atos, horn + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Same as Keratosa.

Ker"a*tome (?), n. [Gr. ke`ras, horn + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) An instrument for dividing the cornea in operations for cataract.

||Ker`a*to*nyx"is (?), n. [Gr. ke`ras, -atos, horn + &?; puncture.] (Med.) The operation of removing a cataract by thrusting a needle through the cornea of the eye, and breaking up the opaque mass.

Ker"a*to*phyte (?), n. [Gr. ke`ras, -atos, a horn + &?; a plant.] (Zoöl.) A gorgonian coral having a horny axis.

||Ker`a*to"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ke`ras, -atos, a horn.] (Zoöl.) An order of sponges having a skeleton composed of hornlike fibers. It includes the commercial sponges.

Ker"a*tose` (?), n. [Gr. ke`ras, -atos, horn.] (Physiol. Chem.) A tough, horny animal substance entering into the composition of the skeleton of sponges, and other invertebrates; -- called also keratode.

Ker"a*tose`, a. (Zoöl.) Containing hornlike fibers or fibers of keratose; belonging to the Keratosa.

Ke*rau"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; thunderbolt + graph.] A figure or picture impressed by lightning upon the human body or elsewhere. -- Ker`au*nog"ra*phy (#), n.

Kerb (?), n. See Curb.

Kerb"stone` (?), n. See Curbstone.

Ker"cher (?), n. A kerchief. [Obs.]

He became . . . white as a kercher.
Sir T. North.

Ker"chered (?), a. Covered, or bound round, with a kercher. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

Ker"chief (?), n.; pl. Kerchiefs (#). [OE. coverchef, OF. cuevrechief, couvrechef, F. couvrechef, a head covering, fr. couvrir to cover + OF. chief head, F. chef. See Cover, Chief, and cf. Curfew.] 1. A square of fine linen worn by women as a covering for the head; hence, anything similar in form or material, worn for ornament on other parts of the person; -- mostly used in compounds; as, neckerchief; breastkerchief; and later, handkerchief.

He might put on a hat, a muffler, and a kerchief, and so escape.
Shak.

Her black hair strained away
To a scarlet kerchief caught beneath her chin.
Mrs. Browning.

2. A lady who wears a kerchief. Dryden.

{ Ker"chiefed, Ker"chieft } (?), a. Dressed; hooded; covered; wearing a kerchief. Milton.

Kerf (?), n. [AS. cyrf a cutting off, fr. ceorfan to cut, carve. See Carve.] A notch, channel, or slit made in any material by cutting or sawing.

Ke"rite (?), n. [Gr. ke`ras, horn.] A compound in which tar or asphaltum combined with animal or vegetable oils is vulcanized by sulphur, the product closely resembling rubber; -- used principally as an insulating material in telegraphy. Knight.

Kerl (?), n. See Carl.

Ker"mes (?), n. [Ar. & Per. girmiz. See Crimson, and cf. Alkermes.] 1. (Zoöl.) The dried bodies of the females of a scale insect (Coccus ilicis), allied to the cochineal insect, and found on several species of oak near the Mediterranean. They are round, about the size of a pea, contain coloring matter analogous to carmine, and are used in dyeing. They were anciently thought to be of a vegetable nature, and were used in medicine. [Written also chermes.]

2. (Bot.) A small European evergreen oak (Quercus coccifera) on which the kermes insect (Coccus ilicis) feeds. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

Kermes mineral. (a) (Old Chem.) An artificial amorphous trisulphide of antimony; -- so called on account of its red color. (b) (Med. Chem.) A compound of the trioxide and trisulphide of antimony, used in medicine. This substance occurs in nature as the mineral kermesite.

Ker"messe (?), n. [F.] See Kirmess.

Kern (?), n. [Ir. ceatharnach.Cf. Cateran. ] 1. A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and Scotland; -- distinguished from gallowglass, and often used as a term of contempt. Macaulay.

Now for our Irish wars;
We must supplant those rough, rug-headed kerns.
Shak.

2. Any kind of boor or low-lived person. [Obs.] Blount.

3. (O. Eng. Law) An idler; a vagabond. Wharton.

Kern, n. (Type Founding) A part of the face of a type which projects beyond the body, or shank.

Kern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kerned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kerning. ] (Type Founding) To form with a kern. See 2d Kern.

Kern, n. [See Churn. ] A churn. [Prov. Eng.]

Kern, n. [AS. cweorn, cwyrn. See Quern. ] A hand mill. See Quern. Johnson.

Kern, v. i. [Cf. G. kern kernel, grain; akin to E. corn. See Corn, Kernel. ] 1. To harden, as corn in ripening. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To take the form of kernels; to granulate. [Obs.]

It is observed that rain makes the salt kern.
Dampier.

Kerned (?), a. (Print.) Having part of the face projecting beyond the body or shank; -- said of type. "In Roman, f and j are the only kerned letters." MacKellar.

Ker"nel (?), n. [OE. kernel, kirnel, curnel, AS. cyrnel, fr. corn grain. See Corn, and cf. Kern to harden.] 1. The essential part of a seed; all that is within the seed walls; the edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; hence, anything included in a shell, husk, or integument; as, the kernel of a nut. See Illust. of Endocarp.

' A were as good crack a fusty nut with no kernel
Shak.

2. A single seed or grain; as, a kernel of corn.

3. A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh.

4. The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist; the core; as, the kernel of an argument.

Ker"nel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kerneled (?) or Kernelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Kerneling or Kernelling.] To harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels.

{ Ker"neled, Ker"nelled (?) }, a. Having a kernel.

Ker"nel*ly (?), a. Full of kernels; resembling kernels; of the nature of kernels. Holland.

Kern"ish (?), a. [From Kern a boor.] Clownish; boorish. [Obs.] "A petty kernish prince." Milton.

Ker"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Cerolite.

Ker"o*sene` (?), n. [Gr. &?; wax.] An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and hence called also coal oil. It is now produced in immense quantities, chiefly by the distillation and purification of petroleum. It consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the methane series.

{ Kers, Kerse (?) }, n. A cress. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Not worth a kers. See under Cress.

Ker"sey (?), n.; pl. Kerseys (#). [Prob. from the town of Kersey in Suffolk, Eng.] A kind of coarse, woolen cloth, usually ribbed, woven from wool of long staple.

Ker"sey*mere (?), n. [For cassimere, confounded with kersey.] See Cassimere.

Ker`sey*nette" (?), n. See Cassinette.

Kerve (?), v. t. To carve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Kerv"er (?), n. A carver. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ke"sar (?), n. See Kaiser. [Obs.] Spenser.

Kes"lop (k&ebreve;s"l&obreve;p), n. [AS. cēselib, or c&ymacr;slyb, milk curdled; cf. G. käselab, käselippe. See Cheese, and cf.Cheeselep.] The stomach of a calf, prepared for rennet. Halliwell.

Kess (?), v. t. To kiss. [Obs.] Chaucer

Kest (?), imp. of Cast. [Obs.]

Kes"trel (k&ebreve;s"tr&ebreve;l), n. [See Castrel.] (Zoöl.) A small, slender European hawk (Falco alaudarius), allied to the sparrow hawk. Its color is reddish fawn, streaked and spotted with white and black. Also called windhover and stannel. The name is also applied to other allied species.

&fist; This word is often used in contempt, as of a mean kind of hawk. "Kites and kestrels have a resemblance with hawks." Bacon.

Ket (k&ebreve;t), n. [Icel. kjöt flesh; akin to Sw. kött, Dan. kjöd.] Carrion; any filth. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Ketch (k&ebreve;ch), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. Turk. qāīq : cf. F. caiche. Cf. Caïque.] (Naut.) An almost obsolete form of vessel, with a mainmast and a mizzenmast, -- usually from one hundred to two hundred and fifty tons burden.

Bomb ketch. See under Bomb.

Ketch, n. A hangman. See Jack Ketch.

Ketch, v. t. [See Catch.] To catch. [Now obs. in spelling, and colloq. in pronunciation.]

To ketch him at a vantage in his snares.
Spenser.

Ketch"up (-ŭp), n. A sauce. See Catchup.

Ke"tine (?), n. [See Ketone.] (Chem.) One of a series of organic bases obtained by the reduction of certain isonitroso compounds of the ketones. In general they are unstable oily substances having a pungent aromatic odor.

||Ket`mie" (?), n. (Bot.) The name of certain African species of Hibiscus, cultivated for the acid of their mucilage. [Written also ketmia.]

Ke"tol (kē"tōl), n. [Ketone + indol.] (Chem.) One of a series of series of complex nitrogenous substances, represented by methyl ketol and related to indol.

Methyl ketol, a weak organic base, obtained as a white crystalline substance having the odor of fæces.

Ke"tone (kē"tōn), n. [Cf. Acetone.] (Chem.) One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor.

&fist; The ketones are named by adding the suffix-one to the stems of the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus, acetic acid gives acetone; butyric acid, butyrone, etc.

Ke*ton"ic (k&esl;*t&obreve;n"&ibreve;k), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, a ketone; as, a ketonic acid.

Ket"tle (k&ebreve;t"t'l), n. [OE. ketel; cf. AS. cetel, cetil, cytel; akin to D. kjedel, G. kessel, OHG. chezzil, Icel. ketill, SW. kittel, Dan. kjedel, Goth. katils; all perh. fr. L. catillus, dim. of catinus a deep vessel, bowl; but cf. also OHG. chezzī kettle, Icel. kati small ship.] A metallic vessel, with a wide mouth, often without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liguids.

Kettle pins, ninepins; skittles. [Obs.] Shelton. -- Kettle stitch (Bookbinding), the stitch made in sewing at the head and tail of a book. Knight.

Ket"tle*drum` (-drŭm`), n. 1. (Mus.) A drum made of thin copper in the form of a hemispherical kettle, with parchment stretched over the mouth of it.

&fist; Kettledrums, in pairs, were formerly used in martial music for cavalry, but are now chiefly confined to orchestras, where they are called tympani.

2. An informal social party at which a light collation is offered, held in the afternoon or early evening. Cf. Drum, n., 4 and 5.

Ket"tle*drum`mer (?), n. One who plays on a kettledrum.

||Keu"per (koi"p&etilde;r), n. [G.] (Geol.) The upper division of the European Triassic. See Chart of Geology.

Kev"el (?), n. [Prov. E. kevil, cavel, rod, pole, a large hammer, horse's bit; cf. Icel. kefli cylinder, a stick, mangle, and Dan. kievle a roller.] 1. (Naut.) A strong cleat to which large ropes are belayed.

2. A stone mason's hammer. [Written also cavil.]

Kevel head (Naut.), a projecting end of a timber, used as a kevel.

{ Kev"el, Kev"in (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) The gazelle.

Kev"er (?), v. t. & i. To cover. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Kev"er*chief (?), n. A kerchief. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Kex (?), n. [W. cecys, pl., hollow stalks.]

1. (Bot.) A weed; a kecksy. Bp. Gauden.

Though the rough kex break
The starred mosaic.
Tennyson.

2. A dry husk or covering.

When the kex, or husk, is broken, he proveth a fair flying butterfly.
Holland.

Key (kē), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. cæg.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place.

2. An instrument which is turned like a key in fastening or adjusting any mechanism; as, a watch key; a bed key, etc.

3. That part of an instrument or machine which serves as the means of operating it; as, a telegraph key; the keys of a pianoforte, or of a typewriter.

4. A position or condition which affords entrance, control, pr possession, etc.; as, the key of a line of defense; the key of a country; the key of a political situation. Hence, that which serves to unlock, open, discover, or solve something unknown or difficult; as, the key to a riddle; the key to a problem.

Those who are accustomed to reason have got the true key of books.
Locke.

Who keeps the keys of all the creeds.
Tennyson.

5. That part of a mechanism which serves to lock up, make fast, or adjust to position.

6. (Arch.) (a) A piece of wood used as a wedge. (b) The last board of a floor when laid down.

7. (Masonry) (a) A keystone. (b) That part of the plastering which is forced through between the laths and holds the rest in place.

8. (Mach.) (a) A wedge to unite two or more pieces, or adjust their relative position; a cotter; a forelock. See Illusts. of Cotter, and Gib. (b) A bar, pin or wedge, to secure a crank, pulley, coupling, etc., upon a shaft, and prevent relative turning; sometimes holding by friction alone, but more frequently by its resistance to shearing, being usually embedded partly in the shaft and partly in the crank, pulley, etc.

9. (Bot.) An indehiscent, one-seeded fruit furnished with a wing, as the fruit of the ash and maple; a samara; -- called also key fruit.

10. (Mus.) (a) A family of tones whose regular members are called diatonic tones, and named key tone (or tonic) or one (or eight), mediant or three, dominant or five, subdominant or four, submediant or six, supertonic or two, and subtonic or seven. Chromatic tones are temporary members of a key, under such names as " sharp four, " "flat seven," etc. Scales and tunes of every variety are made from the tones of a key. (b) The fundamental tone of a movement to which its modulations are referred, and with which it generally begins and ends; keynote.

Both warbling of one song, both in one key.
Shak.

11. Fig: The general pitch or tone of a sentence or utterance.

You fall at once into a lower key.
Cowper.

Key bed. Same as Key seat. -- Key bolt, a bolt which has a mortise near the end, and is secured by a cotter or wedge instead of a nut. Key bugle. See Kent bugle. -- Key of a position or country. (Mil.) See Key, 4. -- Key seat (Mach.), a bed or groove to receive a key which prevents one part from turning on the other. -- Key way, a channel for a key, in the hole of a piece which is keyed to a shaft; an internal key seat; -- called also key seat. -- Key wrench (Mach.), an adjustable wrench in which the movable jaw is made fast by a key. -- Power of the keys (Eccl.), the authority claimed by the ministry in some Christian churches to administer the discipline of the church, and to grant or withhold its privileges; -- so called from the declaration of Christ, "I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven." Matt. xvi. 19.

Key (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keying.] To fasten or secure firmly; to fasten or tighten with keys or wedges. Francis.

To key up. (a) (Arch.) To raise (the whole ring of an arch) off its centering, by driving in the keystone forcibly. (b) (Mus.) To raise the pitch of. (c) Hence, fig., to produce nervous tension in.

Key"age (?), n. [OF. caiage, F. guayage. See lst Key, Quay.] Wharfage; quayage.

Key"board` (?), n. The whole arrangement, or one range, of the keys of an organ, typewriter, etc.

Key"-cold` (?), a. Cold as a metallic key; lifeless. [Formerly, a proverbial expression.] Shak. Milton.

Keyed (kēd), a. Furnished with keys; as, a keyed instrument; also, set to a key, as a tune.

Keyed bugle. See Kent bugle.

Key"hole` (?), n. 1. A hole or apertupe in a door or lock, for receiving a key.

2. (a) (Carp.) A hole or excavation in beams intended to be joined together, to receive the key which fastens them. (b) (Mach.) a mortise for a key or cotter.

Keyhole limpet (Zoöl.), a marine gastropod of the genus Fissurella and allied genera. See Fissurella. -- Keyhole saw, a narrow, slender saw, used in cutting keyholes, etc., as in doors; a kind of compass saw or fret saw. -- Keyhole urchin (Zoöl.), any one of numerous clypeastroid sea urchins, of the genera Melitta, Rotula, and Encope; -- so called because they have one or more perforations resembling keyholes.

Key"note` (?), n. 1. (Mus.) The tonic or first tone of the scale in which a piece or passage is written; the fundamental tone of the chord, to which all the modulations of the piece are referred; -- called also key tone.

2. The fundamental fact or idea; that which gives the key; as, the keynote of a policy or a sermon.

Key"seat` (?), v. t. To form a key seat, as by cutting. See Key seat, under Key.

Key"stone` (?), n. (Arch.) The central or topmost stone of an arch. This in some styles is made different in size from the other voussoirs, or projects, or is decorated with carving. See Illust. of Arch.

Keystone State, the State of Pennsylvania; - - so called from its having been the central State of the Union at the formation of the Constitution.

Key" tone` (?). (Mus.) See Keynote.

Key"way` (?), n. See Key way, under Key.

Kha"liff (?), n. See Caliph.

Kham*sin` (?), n. Same as Kamsin.

Khan (?), n. [Pers. & Tart. khān.] [Also kan, kaun.] A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly governed by them.

Khan, n. [Per. khān, khānah, house, tent, inn.] An Eastern inn or caravansary. [Written also kawn.]

Khan*ate (&?;), n. Dominion or jurisdiction of a khan.

Kha"ya (?), n. (Bot.) A lofty West African tree (Khaya Senegalensis), related to the mahogany, which it resembles in the quality of the wood. The bark is used as a febrifuge.

||Khe`dive" (?), n. [F. khédive, Pers. khediw a prince.] A governor or viceroy; -- a title granted in 1867 by the sultan of Turkey to the ruler of Egypt.

Khen"na (?), n. See Henna.

Kho"lah (?), n. (Zoöl.) The Indian jackal.

Khol"sun (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) The dhole.

Khut"bah (?), n. [Ar.] An address or public prayer read from the steps of the pulpit in Mohammedan mosques, offering glory to God, praising Mohammed and his descendants, and the ruling princes.

Ki`a*boo"ca wood` (?). See Kyaboca wood.

Ki*ang" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The dziggetai.

Kib"ble (?), v. t. To bruise; to grind coarsely; as, kibbled oats. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

Kib"ble, n. A large iron bucket used in Cornwall and Wales for raising ore out of mines. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also kibbal.]

Kib"blings (?), n. pl. Portions of small fish used for bait on the banks of Newfoundland.

Kibe (?), n. [W. cib + gwst pain, sickness.] A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold; an ulcerated chilblain. "He galls his kibe." Shak.

Kibed (?), a. Chapped; cracked with cold; affected with chilblains; as, kibed heels. Beau. & Fl.

||Ki*bit"ka (?), n.; pl. Kibitkas (&?;). [Russ.] 1. A tent used by the Kirghiz Tartars.

2. A rude kind of Russian vehicle, on wheels or on runners, sometimes covered with cloth or leather, and often used as a movable habitation.

Kib"lah (&?;), n. See Keblah.

Kib"y (?), a. Affected with kibes. Skelton.

Kich"il (?), n. [Obs.] See Kechil. Chaucer.

Kick (k&ibreve;k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kicked (k&ibreve;kt); p. pr. & vb. n. Kicking.] [W. cicio, fr. cic foot.] To strike, thrust, or hit violently with the foot; as, a horse kicks a groom; a man kicks a dog.

He [Frederick the Great] kicked the shins of his judges.
Macaulay.

To kick the beam, to fit up and strike the beam; -- said of the lighter arm of a loaded balance; hence, to be found wanting in weight. Milton. -- To kick the bucket, to lose one's life; to die. [Colloq. & Low]

Kick, v. i. 1. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence; to strike out with the foot or feet, as in defense or in bad temper; esp., to strike backward, as a horse does, or to have a habit of doing so. Hence, figuratively: To show ugly resistance, opposition, or hostility; to spurn.

I should kick, being kicked.
Shak.

2. To recoil; -- said of a musket, cannon, etc.

Kick, n. 1. A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust with the foot.

A kick, that scarce would move a horse,
May kill a sound divine.
Cowper.

2. The projection on the tang of the blade of a pocket knife, which prevents the edge of the blade from striking the spring. See Illust. of Pocketknife.

3. (Brickmaking) A projection in a mold, to form a depression in the surface of the brick.

4. The recoil of a musket or other firearm, when discharged.

Kick"a*ble (?), a. Capable or deserving of being kicked. "A kickable boy." G. Eliot.

Kick`a*poos" (?), n. pl.; sing. Kickapoo (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region of Northern Illinois, allied in language to the Sacs and Foxes.

Kick"er, n. One who, or that which, kicks.

Kick"shaw` (?), n. See Kickshaws, the correct singular.

Kick"shaws` (?), n.; pl. Kickshawses (#) [Corrupt. fr. F. quelque chose something, fr. L. qualis of what kind (akin to E. which) + suffix -guam + causa cause, in LL., a thing. See Which, and Cause.] 1. Something fantastical; any trifling, trumpery thing; a toy.

Art thou good at these kickshawses!
Shak.

2. A fancy dish; a titbit; a delicacy.

Some pigeons, . . . a joint of mutton, and any pretty little tiny kickshaws.
Shak.

Cressy was lost by kickshaws and soup- maigre.
Fenton.

Kick"shoe` (?), n. A kickshaws. Milton.

{ Kick"sy-wick`sy (?), Kick"y-wisk`y (?) }, n. That which is restless and uneasy.

&fist; Kicky-wicky, or, in some editions, Kicksy- wicksy, is applied contemptuously to a wife by Shakespeare, in "All's Well that Ends Well," ii. 3, 297.

Kick"sy-wick`sy, a. Fantastic; restless; as, kicksy-wicksy flames. Nares.

Kick"up (?), n. (Zoöl.) The water thrush or accentor. [Local, West Indies]

Kid (k&ibreve;d), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. kið, Dan. & Sw. kid; akin to OHG. kizzi, G. kitz, kitzchen, kitzlein.] 1. (Zoöl.) A young goat.

The . . . leopard shall lie down with the kid.
Is. xi. 6.

2. A young child or infant; hence, a simple person, easily imposed on. [Slang] Charles Reade.

3. A kind of leather made of the skin of the young goat, or of the skin of rats, etc.

4. pl. Gloves made of kid. [Colloq. & Low]

5. A small wooden mess tub; -- a name given by sailors to one in which they receive their food. Cooper.

Kid, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kidded; p. pr. & vb. n. Kidding.] To bring forth a young goat.

Kid, n. [Cf. W. cidysen.] A fagot; a bundle of heath and furze. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Kid, p. p. of Kythe. [Obs.] Gower. Chaucer.

Kid, v. t. See Kiddy, v. t. [Slang]

Kid"de (?), imp. of Kythe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Kid"der*min`ster (?), n. A kind of ingrain carpeting, named from the English town where formerly most of it was manufactured.

Kid"di*er (?), n. [Cf. OSw. kyta to truck.] A huckster; a cadger. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Kid"dle (?), n. [Cf. LL. kidellus, Armor. kiāel] A kind of basketwork wear in a river, for catching fish. [Improperly spelled kittle.]

Kid"dow (?), n. (Zoöl.) The guillemot. [Written also kiddaw.] [Prov. Eng.]

Kid"dy (?), v. t. To deceive; to outwit; to hoax. [Slang] Dickens.

Kid"dy, n. A young fellow; formerly, a low thief. [Slang, Eng.]

Kid"dy*ish, a. Frolicsome; sportive. [Slang]

Kid" fox` (?). (Zoöl.) A young fox. Shak.

Kid"ling (?), n. [Kid + - ling: cf. Sw. kidling.] A young kid.

Kid"nap` (k&ibreve;d"năp`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kidnaped (- năpt`) or Kidnapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Kidnaping or Kidnapping.] [Kid a child + Prov. E. nap to seize, to grasp. Cf. Knab, Knap, Nab.] To take (any one) by force or fear, and against one's will, with intent to carry to another place. Abbott.

You may reason or expostulate with the parents, but never attempt to kidnap their children, and to make proselytes of them.
Whately.

&fist; Originally used only of stealing children, but now extended in application to any human being, involuntarily abducted.

{ Kid"nap`er (?), or Kid"nap`per }, n. One who steals or forcibly carries away a human being; a manstealer.

Kid"ney (k&ibreve;d"n&ybreve;), n.; pl. Kidneys (-n&ibreve;z). [OE. kidnei, kidnere, from Icel. koiðr belly, womb (akin to Goth. gipus, AS. cwiþ womb) + OE. nere kidney; akin to D. nier, G. niere, OHG. nioro, Icel. n&ymacr;ra, Dan. nyre, Sw. njure, and probably to Gr. nefro`s Cf. Kite belly.]

1. (Anat.) A glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products from the animal body; a urinary gland.

&fist; In man and in other mammals there are two kidneys, one on each side of vertebral column in the back part of the abdomen, each kidney being connected with the bladder by a long tube, the ureter, through which the urine is constantly excreted into the bladder to be periodically discharged.

2. Habit; disposition; sort; kind. Shak.

There are in later times other decrees, made by popes of another kidney.
Barrow.

Millions in the world of this man's kidney.
L'Estrange.

Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.
Burns.

&fist; This use of the word perhaps arose from the fact that the kidneys and the fat about them are an easy test of the condition of an animal as to fatness. "Think of that, -- a man of my kidney; -- . . . as subject to heat as butter." Shak.

3. A waiter. [Old Cant] Tatler.

Floating kidney. See Wandering kidney, under Wandering. -- Kidney bean (Bot.), a sort of bean; -- so named from its shape. It is of the genus Phaseolus (P. vulgaris). See under Bean. -- Kidney ore (Min.), a variety of hematite or iron sesquioxide, occurring in compact kidney-shaped masses. -- Kidney stone. (Min.) See Nephrite, and Jade. -- Kidney vetch (Bot.), a leguminous herb of Europe and Asia (Anthyllis vulneraria), with cloverlike heads of red or yellow flowers, once used as a remedy for renal disorders, and also to stop the flow of blood from wounds; lady's-fingers.

{ Kid"ney-form` (