G.
G (jē) 1. G is the seventh
letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two
sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the
other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin,
dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6,
155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.
The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first
appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin,
and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is
most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as
in corn, grain, kernel; kin L.
genus, Gr. &?;; E. garden, yard; drag,
draw; also to ch and h; as in get,
prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall,
choler; gust, choose. See C.
2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth
tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the
Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef,
and has gradually changed into the character represented in the
margin. See Clef. G♯ (G sharp) is a tone intermediate
between G and A.
Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.]
(Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an eccentric rod
opposite the strap. See. Illust. of
Eccentric.
Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble,
mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab,
gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf.
Gab, v. i., Gibber.] The mouth;
hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness.
[Colloq.]
Gift of gab, facility of expression.
[Colloq.]
Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest,
lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF.
gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.]
1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter.
Holinshed.
Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of
coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]
Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (&?;),
n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It.
gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine,
gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF.
gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F.
caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano
and perh. to E. cabin.] A coarse frock or loose upper
garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.
Gab"ber (?), n. 1.
A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]
2. One addicted to idle talk.
Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gabbling (?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab,
v. i.] 1. To talk fast, or to
talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak.
2. To utter inarticulate sounds with
rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden.
Gab"ble, n. 1.
Loud or rapid talk without meaning.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud
Among the builders.
Milton.
2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of
fowls.
Gab"bler (?), n. One who gabbles;
a prater.
Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.)
A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine,
later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a
coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene
(diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine
gabbro).
Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL.
gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin.
Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service,
tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise.
Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the
ministry of a fish.
Jer. Taylor.
Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law)
A collector of gabels or taxes.
||Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See
Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France]
Brande & C.
Ga*belle"man (?), n. A
gabeler. Carlyle.
Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See
Gabardine.
Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael.
gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A beggar with a
wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F. gabare,
Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel for
inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It.
gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L.
cavea. See Cage.] 1. (Fort.)
A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom.
Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building
fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork
frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming
a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.
Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F.
gabionnade.] 1. (Fort.) A traverse
made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them
from enfilading fire.
2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a
core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.
Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F.
gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a fortification
built of gabions.
Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished
with gabions.
||Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See
Gabionade.
Ga"ble (?), n. A cable.
[Archaic] Chapman.
Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable,
gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a
building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G.
giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle;
perh. akin to Gr. &?; head, and E. cephalic, or to G.
gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L.
gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a)
The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from
the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a
similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and
the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a
building, as distinguished from the front or rear side.
(c) A decorative member having the shape of a
triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a
doorway.
Bell gable. See under Bell. --
Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a
gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as
Gable (b). -- Gable
window, a window in a gable.
Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A
small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche,
etc.
Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.]
A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock.
Wright.
Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a
rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton; a dunce; a
lout. [Colloq.]
Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel.
gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth.
gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.]
1. The point of a spear, or an
arrowhead.
2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of
metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.
I will go get a leaf of brass,
And with a gad of steel will write these words.
Shak.
3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.
4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling.
Fairholt.
5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or
steel. [Obs.]
Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in
gads.
Moxon.
6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a
measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng.
Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.
Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment;
hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!"
Shak.
Gad, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and
orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or
go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be
uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton.
Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy
way?
Jer. ii. 36.
Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder
[Colloq.]
Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zoöl.)
The gadfly.
Gad"der (?), n. One who roves
about idly, a rambling gossip.
Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about
much, needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the
streets.
Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding
tongue.
Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which
carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of
holes.
Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving,
idle manner.
Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to
gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n.
"Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.
Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.]
(Zoöl.) (a) A small British fish
(Motella argenteola) of the Cod family.
(b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called
also gead. [Prov. Eng.]
Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (&?;), v. t. &
i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl.
Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.]
(Zoöl.) Any dipterous insect of the genus
Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.
&fist; The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its
young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larvæ develop in the
frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle
(Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where
the larvæ or bots live and produce sores called wormels.
The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites
called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true
horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true
gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze
flies.
Gadfly petrel (Zoöl.), one of
several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.
Gadhel"ic (gāl"&ibreve;k), a.
[See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of the
Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx.
J. Peile.
Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); --
applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic
acid.
Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L.
Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating to
Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Cadiz.
Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + -
ling.] (Mediæval Armor) [R.] See Gad,
n., 4.
Gad"ling, a. [See Gad,
v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]
Gad"ling, n. A roving
vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Gadman (?), n. A
gadsman.
Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus
cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoïde gadoid, Gr. &?; a sort
of fish, F. gade.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining
to the family of fishes (Gadidæ) which includes the cod,
haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the
Gadidæ. [Written also gadid.]
Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See
Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth, regarded by
some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as
only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium,
etc.
Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.
Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after
Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.) A mineral of a
nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of
the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.
Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See
Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare metallic
element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with
yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have
not yet been determined.
Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a
gad or goad in driving.
Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus
codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance,
of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.
Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk
about + well.] (Zoöl.) A large duck (Anas
strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of
Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written
also gaddwell.]
Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See
Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of the
Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of
Celtic origin.
Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael.
Gàidhealach, Gaelach, from
Gàidheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.]
(Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the
Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic
language.
Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig,
Gàilig.] The language of the Gaels, esp. of the
Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.
Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F.
gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into
their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G.
gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. Cf. Gaffle,
Gable.] 1. A barbed spear or a hook with
a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.
2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the
upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.
3. Same as Gaffle, 1.
Wright.
Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gaffing.] To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to
secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.
Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr.
godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for
grandfather. Cf. Gammer.] 1. An
old fellow; an aged rustic.
Go to each gaffer and each goody.
Fawkes.
&fist; Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now
degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to
an aged man in humble life.
2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of
laborers. [Prov. Eng.]
Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl
fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G. gabel, W.
gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.]
1. An artificial spur or gaff for
gamecocks.
2. A lever to bend crossbows.
Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.)
A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff
and its luff upon the topmast.
Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gagging (?).] [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle,
fr. ceg mouth, opening, entrance.] 1. To
stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder
speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow
freedom of speech to. Marvell.
The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be
gagged, and reason to be hood winked.
Maccaulay.
2. To pry or hold open by means of a
gag.
Mouths gagged to such a wideness.
Fortescue (Transl.).
3. To cause to heave with nausea.
Gag, v. i. 1. To
heave with nausea; to retch.
2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See
Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill
Mag.
Gag, n. 1.
Something thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder
speaking.
2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking
bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb.
3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by
an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of
some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang]
Gag rein (Harness), a rein for
drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag
runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch
guiding the gag rein.
Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates.
See Jet a black mineral.] Agate. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL.
gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth.
wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed.
See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.]
1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or
given as a security for the performance of some act by the person
depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security.
Nor without gages to the needy
lend.
Sandys.
2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the
ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter
of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my
gage." Shak.
Gage (?), n. [So called because an
English family named Gage imported the greengage from France,
in the last century.] A variety of plum; as, the
greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage,
golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the
greengage. See Greengage.
Gage, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n.
Gaging (?).] [Cf. F. gager. See Gage,
n., a pledge.] 1. To give or
deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to
pawn or pledge. [Obs.]
A moiety competent
Was gaged by our king.
Shak.
2. To bind by pledge, or security; to
engage.
Great debts
Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal,
Hath left me gaged.
Shak.
Gage, n. A measure or standard.
See Gauge, n.
Gage, v. t. To measure. See
Gauge, v. t.
You shall not gage me
By what we do to-night.
Shak.
Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See
Gauger.
Gag"ger (?), n. 1.
One who gags.
2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded
in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.
Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gaggling (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen,
gagelen, G. gackeln, gackern, MHG.
g&?;gen, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a
noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.
Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle
v. i.] (Zoöl.) A flock of wild
geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl.
Gagteeth (&?;). A projecting tooth. [Obs.]
Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having
gagteeth. [Obs.]
Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after
Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc spinel;
automolite.
Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; earth.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an
acid obtained from hypogeic acid.
Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as
Gayety.
Gail"er (?), n. A jailer.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
||Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See
Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard.
Chaucer.
||Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See
Galliard a dance.] A lively French and Italian
dance.
Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.]
Merrily; showily. See gaily.
Gain (gān), n. [Cf. W. gan
a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of
a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam,
so as to receive the end of the floor beam.
Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain,
good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and
gegn, adv., against, opposite. Cf. Ahain.]
Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy;
profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gain (gān), n. [OE. gain,
gein, ga&yogh;hen, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn;
akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan
to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF.
gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.]
1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired,
as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to
loss.
But what things were gain to me, those I
counted loss for Christ.
Phil. iii. 7.
Godliness with contentment is great
gain.
1 Tim. vi. 6.
Every one shall share in the
gains.
Shak.
2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or
valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of
gain." Tennyson.
Gain, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gained (gānd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gaining.] [From gain, n.
but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF.
gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidinōn,
weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G.
weide, akin to Icel. veiðr hunting, AS.
wāðu, cf. L. venari to hunt, E.
venison. See Gain, n., profit.]
1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain
or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good
living.
What is a man profited, if he shall gain the
whole world, and lose his own soul?
Matt. xvi.
26.
To gain dominion, or to keep it
gained.
Milton.
For fame with toil we gain, but lose with
ease.
Pope.
2. To come off winner or victor in; to be
successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle;
to gain a case at law; to gain a prize.
3. To draw into any interest or party; to win
to one's side; to conciliate.
If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy
brother.
Matt. xviii. 15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the
court.
Dryden.
4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as,
to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good
harbor.
Forded Usk and gained the wood.
Tennyson.
5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm,
or damage. [Obs. or Ironical]
Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to
have gained this harm and loss.
Acts xxvii.
21.
Gained day, the calendar day gained in
sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain
ground, to make progress; to advance in any
undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. --
To gain over, to draw to one's party or
interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind
(Naut.), to reach the windward side of another
ship.
Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn;
attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win.
Gain implies only that we get something by exertion;
win, that we do it in competition with others. A person
gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving
for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking
it in a struggle with others.
Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive
advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in
interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man
gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by
extortion.
Ezek. xxii. 12.
Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist
of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the
muzzle. To gain on or upon.
(a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on
the land. (b) To obtain influence with.
(c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as
in a race or contest. (d) To get the better
of; to have the advantage of.
The English have not only gained upon the
Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice
itself.
Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the
emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.
Swift.
Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F.
gagnable. See Gain, v. t.]
Capable of being obtained or reached.
Sherwood.
Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF.
gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See
Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and
implements for carrying on tillage. (b)
The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself.
Bouvier.
Gain"er (?), n. One who
gains. Shak.
Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable;
advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation."
Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. --
Gain"ful*ness, n.
Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again,
and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.]
Gain"less, a. Not producing gain;
unprofitable. Hammond. -- Gain"less/ness,
n.
Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain,
a.] Handily; readily; dexterously;
advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to
gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in
the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.
Gain`say" (? or ?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? or ?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien,
ageinseien. See Again, and Say to utter.]
To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to
forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your
adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor
resist.
Luke xxi. 15.
The just gods gainsay
That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother,
My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword
Be drained.
Shak.
Gain`say"er (?), n. One who
gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the
gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.
Gain"some (?), a. 1.
Gainful.
2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.]
Massinger.
'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction
of Against.
Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n.
gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To
withstand; to resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many
enraged desires.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See
Again, and Strive.] To strive or struggle against;
to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zoöl.)
See Garefowl.
Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly,
adv., Gair"ish/ness, n.
Same as Garish, Garishly,
Garishness.
Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.]
1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.
Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor
folks pass.
Shak.
2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or
carriage while moving.
'T is Cinna; I do know him by his
gait.
Shak.
Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a
gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy-
gaited.
Gait"er (?), n. [F.
guêtre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German
origin, and akin to E. wear, v.] 1. A
covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the
whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the
shoe.
2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and
covering the ankle.
Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with
gaiters.
Gai"tre, Gay"tre (&?;), n.
[OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show,
pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See
Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity.
Macaulay.
Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a
holiday.
Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;,
milk + &?; to lead.] (Med.) An agent exciting secretion
of milk.
Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; milky, fr.
&?;, &?;, milk. See Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.]
1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as,
galactic acid.
2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky
Way.
Galactic circle (Astron.), the great
circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly
conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles,
the poles of the galactic circle.
Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk.
Cf. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An
amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk
and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously
regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent.
(b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of
the South American cow tree (Galactodendron).
(c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling
gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on
decomposition several sugars, including galactose.
Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
&?;, &?; + E. densimeter.] Same as
Galactometer.
Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;,
milk + -meter: cf. F. galactomètre. Cf.
Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality
of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its
specific gravity; a lactometer.
Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
&?;, milk + &?; to eat: cf. &?; to live on milk.] One who eats,
or subsists on, milk.
Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;:
cf. F. galactophade.] Feeding on milk.
Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. &?;;
&?;, &?;, milk + &?; to bear: cf. F. galactophore. Cf.
Lactiferous.] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous;
-- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.
Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;,
&?;, milk + &?; capable of making; fr. &?; to make.] (Med.)
Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. --
n. A galactopoietic substance.
Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.)
A white, crystalline sugar,
C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose,
obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain
gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose
(though it is not lactose proper).
Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See
Galoche. Spenser.
Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl.
Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.
&fist; The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is
about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G.
murinus)is about the size of a mouse.
{ Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?) },
n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal,
garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob.
fr. Ar. khalanj&?;n. ] The pungent aromatic rhizome or
tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia
(A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the
Kæmpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger
family.
Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F.
galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white
meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold.
Smart.
Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian
Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate
leaves.
Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant
of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in
Asia Minor.
Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl.
Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L.
galaxias, fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?; circle), fr. &?;, &?;, milk;
akin to L. lac. Cf. Lacteal.]
1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that
luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the
heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and
blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term
has recently been used for remote clusters of stars.
Nichol.
2. A splendid assemblage of persons or
things.
{ Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), }
n. [L. galbanum, Gr. &?;, prob. from Heb.
klekb'n&?;h: cf. F. galbanum.] A gum resin exuding
from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly
species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa
furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter
taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes,
also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.
Gale (gāl), n. [Prob. of Scand.
origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel.
gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr
song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E.
nightingale; also, Icel. gjōla gust of wind,
gola breeze. Cf. Yell.] 1. A
strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane.
The most violent gales are called tempests.
&fist; Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen
("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W.
S. Harris.
2. A moderate current of air; a
breeze.
A little gale will soon disperse that
cloud.
Shak.
And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors
fanned
From their soft wings.
Milton.
3. A state of excitement, passion, or
hilarity.
The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into
what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale.
Brooke (Eastford).
Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which
a ship may carry her topgallant sails.
Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To
sale, or sail fast.
Gale, n. [OE. gal. See
Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.]
Toone.
Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st
Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and
gale." Court of Love.
Gale, n. [AS. gagel, akin to D.
gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Myrica,
growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The
sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in
America.
Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The
payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W.
Gale day, the day on which rent or interest
is due.
||Ga"le*a (?), n. [L., a helmet.]
1. (Bot.) The upper lip or helmet-shaped
part of a labiate flower.
2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the
head.
3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all
over the head.
4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini,
having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.
5. (Zoöl.) The anterior, outer
process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain
insects.
Gal"e*as (?), n. See
Galleass.
{ Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), }
a. [L. galeatus, p. p. of galeare
helmet.] 1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a
helmet; covered, as with a helmet.
2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a
helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.
||Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.
Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. &?; a kind of shark.]
(Zoöl.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which
includes the sharks.
Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead
ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F.
galène sulphide of lead ore, antidote to poison,
stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]
1. (Med.) A remedy or antidote for
poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.
2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal
ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is
cubic in crystallization and cleavage.
False galena. See Blende.
Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (&?;),
a. Pertaining to, or containing,
galena.
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, a.
[From Galen, the physician.] Relating to Galen or to his
principles and method of treating diseases.
Dunglison.
Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy
which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction,
etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically
prepared.
Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines
of Galen.
Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of
Galen.
Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.)
Galena; lead ore.
||Ga`le*o*pi*the"cus
(gā`l&esl;*&osl;*p&ibreve;*thē"kŭs),
n. [NL., fr. Gr. gale`h a weasel +
pi`qhkos an ape.] (Zoöl.) A genus of
flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs. See
Colugo.
Gal`er*ic"u*late (?), a. [L.
galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr.
galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap.
Smart.
Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a
hat, cap: cf. F. galérite.] (Paleon.) A
cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.
Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp.
Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus,
Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.]
Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the
kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A
native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See
Telescope.
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L.
Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
galiléen.] Of or relating to Galilee.
Gal`i*le"an, n. 1.
A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of
Palestine under the Romans.
2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party
among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; --
called also Gaulonite.
3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term
of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.
Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have
been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the
Gentiles." cf. OF. galilée.] (Arch.) A
porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church,
where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies
were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see
the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also,
frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham
cathedrals. Gwilt.
Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.]
Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused
mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of
several countries.
Walpole.
Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See
Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family
(Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the
same genus. Chaucer.
Meadow, set with slender
galingale.
Tennyson.
Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote,
F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.)
(a) A small galley, formerly used in the
Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and
oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.
(b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant
vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff
mainsail.
Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot;
cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.] An impure
resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the
spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is
called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy
pitch.
Gall (g&add;l), n.[OE. galle,
gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG.
galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde,
L. fel, Gr. &?;, and prob. to E. yellow. √49.
See Yellow, and cf. Choler] 1.
(Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in
the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of
the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the
gall bladder.
2. The gall bladder.
3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness;
rancor.
He hath . . . compassed me with gall and
travail.
Lam. iii. 5.
Comedy diverted without gall.
Dryden.
4. Impudence; brazen assurance.
[Slang]
Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous
sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the
liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive
apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which
conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. --
Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the
Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the
earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with
variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes
serpentaria.
Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de
galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoöl.) An
excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or
their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and
Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The
larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites,
etc. See Gallnut.
&fist; The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are
produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak
(Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and
Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the
manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as
well as in medicine.
Gall insect (Zoöl.), any insect
that produces galls. -- Gall midge
(Zoöl.), any small dipterous insect that produces
galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus
infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. --
Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off
from the surface of melted crown glass; -- called also glass
gall and sandiver. Ure. -- Gall
wasp. (Zoöl.) See Gallfly.
Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To
impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.
Gall, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch,
rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses'
feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin.
Cf. Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear
away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe;
to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the
back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.
I am loth to gall a new-healed
wound.
Shak.
2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled
by sarcasm.
They that are most galled with my folly,
They most must laugh.
Shak.
3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the
troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.
In our wars against the French of old, we used to
gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they
could shoot their arrows.
Addison.
Gall, v. i. To scoff; to
jeer. [R.] Shak.
Gall, n. A wound in the skin made
by rubbing.
Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant,
prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF.
gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin;
cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil
lascivious, akin to AS. g&?;l wanton, wicked, OS. g&?;l
merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E.
weal. See Gala, Galloon.]
1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-
dressed.
The town is built in a very gallant
place.
Evelyn.
Our royal, good and gallant ship.
Shak.
2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-
spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant
youth; a gallant officer.
That gallant spirit hath aspired the
clouds.
Shak.
The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the
grave.
Waller.
Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave.
Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises
above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which
braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting
bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A
courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts
it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.
Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and
attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.
Gal*lant" (?; 277), n.
1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay, fashionable
man; a young blood. Shak.
2. One fond of paying attention to
ladies.
3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad
sense, a seducer. Addison.
&fist; In the first sense it is by some orthoëpists (as in
Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.
Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallanting.] 1. To attend or wait on, as
a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play.
2. To handle with grace or in a modish
manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.]
Addison.
Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite
or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.
Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant
manner.
Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality
of being gallant.
Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl.
Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.]
1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious
finery. [Archaic]
Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . .
when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of
silver.
Fuller.
2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops
behaved with great gallantry.
3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in
a bad sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors
from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to
female virtue; intrigue.
4. Gallant persons, collectively.
[R.]
Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of
Troy.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.
Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F.
gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A salt
of gallic acid.
Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L.
gallus a cock.] (Zoöl.) The tread, treadle,
or chalasa of an egg.
Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F.
galéasse, galéace; cf. It.
galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See
Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley, having some
features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used
by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See
Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously
galeas, gallias, etc.]
&fist; "The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the
ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They
consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a
castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for
the rowers amidships." Motley.
{ Gal*le"gan (găl*lē"gan),
Gal*le"go (găl*lē"g&osl; or
g&adot;*lyā"g&osl;), } n. [Sp.
Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a
Galician.
Gal"le*ïn (?), n.
[Pyrogallol + phthaleïn.] (Chem.) A
red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and
phthalic acids.
Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon,
cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See
Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and
following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for
war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to
any large sailing vessel.
The galleons . . . were huge, round-stemmed,
clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up
at stem and stern, like castles.
Motley.
Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.)
See Galiot.
Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl.
Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It.
galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a
festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing,
fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant,
a.] 1. A long and narrow
corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between
one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a
boring or burrowing animal.
2. A room for the exhibition of works of art;
as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important
collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.
3. A long and narrow platform attached to one
or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and
supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be
occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to
increase the capacity of the hall.
4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony,
projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called
stern gallery or quarter gallery, -- seldom found in
vessels built since 1850.
5. (Fort.) Any communication which is
covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense,
it is a defensive gallery.
6. (Mining) A working drift or
level.
Whispering gallery. See under
Whispering.
Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE.
gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of glazed
earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle."
Bacon.
Gal"ley (?), n.; pl.
Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf.
OF. galie, galée, LL. galea, LGr. &?;; of
unknown origin.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel
propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as:
(a) A large vessel for war and national
purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th
century. (b) A name given by analogy to
the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars.
(c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by
customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure.
(d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-
war.
&fist; The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one
hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each
side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried
guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve
hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval warfare. Galleons,
galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all
modifications of this type.
2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking
apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the
caboose.
3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle
with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.
4. [F. galée; the same word as E.
galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An
oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type
which has been set, or is to be made up, etc.
(b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a
galley; a galley proof.
Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a
punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To
toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.-- Galley
slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a
large galley. Knight.
Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zoöl.) The European green woodpecker;
also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]
Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called
because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the
oars of a galley.] (Zoöl.) A chilognath myriapod of
the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs
along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See
Chilognatha.
Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl.
Gallflies (&?;). (Zoöl.) An insect
that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small
hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See
Illust. of Gall.
Gal`li*am"bic (?), a. [L.
galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus
(a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.)
Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which
lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.
Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.]
Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.
Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F.
gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.
galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton,
lascivious.] Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]
Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay
man. [Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself.
Cleveland.
Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf.
Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.]
A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.
Never a hall such a galliard did
grace.
Sir. W. Scott.
Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F.
gaillardise. See Galliard, a.]
Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of
company.
Sir. T. Browne.
Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety.
[Obs.] Gayton.
Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as
Galleass.
Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.
Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the
excrescence.] Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls,
and the like.
Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid,
very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the
free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a
white, crystalline substance,
C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an
astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in
photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark
color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are
the essential ingredients of common black ink.
Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus
belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia
Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or
France; Gallican.
Gal"li*can (?), a. [L.
Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining to
Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or
clergy.
Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and
supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.
Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The
principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic
Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal
authority in that country and increase the power of the national
church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F.
gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a
French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.
Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French
mode or idiom.
Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.)
Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zoöl.)
Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in
structure.
Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob.
corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to
have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with
Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.] Loose hose or
breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a
jocose sense.
||Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? or ?), n.
Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias.
Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl.
Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafrée a
sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] 1.
A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.
Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries,
forced meat.
King.
2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.
The Mahometan religion, which, being a
gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the
Jewish.
South.
Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A
substance obtained by the reduction of galleïn.
||Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See
Gallinaceous.] (Zoöl.) Same as
Gallinae.
Gal`li*na"cean (?), n.
(Zoöl.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous
birds.
Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L.
gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.]
(Zoöl.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants;
of or pertaining to the Gallinae.
||Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL.,
fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.]
(Zoöl.) An order of birds, including the common
domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; --
sometimes called Rasores.
Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or
chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly,
adv.
Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large
mosquito.
Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L.
gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F.
gallinule.] (Zoöl.) One of several wading
birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to
the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly
over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America
is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio
porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula
chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen,
water rail, moor coot, night bird, and
erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida
gallinule (Gallinula galeata).
&fist; The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was
formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for
that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the
ancients.
Gal"li*ot (?), n. See
Galiot.
Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive
oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.
Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD.
gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E.
glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen
pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing
medicines, etc.
Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element,
found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable,
resembling aluminium, and remarkable for its low melting point
(86° F., 30° C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight 69.9.
&fist; The element was predicted with most of its properties,
under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist
Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was
verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran
by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination
of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.
Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From
Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies;
also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
[Slang] Dickens.
Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg.
galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.] (Naut.)
A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the
Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.
Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zoöl.) A West Indian lizard
(Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the
natives to be venomous.
Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zoöl.)
A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various
species of the oak tree. See Gall, and
Nutgall.
Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli
Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive admiration of what
is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#),
n.
Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon,
jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a
liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a
measure.] A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; --
used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry
measure.
&fist; The standart gallon of the Unites States contains
231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at
its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is
almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter
and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine
gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United
States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon
contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62&?; of
Fahrenheit, and barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic
inches.
Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp.
galon. See Gala. ] 1. A narrow
tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made
ornamental.
2. A similar bordering or binding of rich
material, such as gold lace.
Silver and gold galloons, with the like
glittering gewgaws.
Addison.
Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or
adorned with galloon.
Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German
origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG.
giloufen, AS. gehleápan to leap, dance, fr. root
of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop.
See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.] 1.
To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at
a gallop; to run or move with speed.
But gallop lively down the western
hill.
Donne.
2. To ride a horse at a gallop.
3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in
making a hasty examination.
Such superficial ideas he may collect in
galloping over it.
Locke.
Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to
gallop.
Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See
Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A
mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting
alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or
bounds.
Hand gallop, a slow or gentle
gallop.
Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F.
galopade. See Gallop, n.]
1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind
of gallop.
2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance;
a galop.
Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallopading.] 1. To gallop, as on
horseback.
2. To perform the dance called
gallopade.
Gal"lop*er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, gallops.
2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very
small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts,
without a limber. Farrow.
Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a
galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry
regiments.
Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin.
See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for
the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a
gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.
Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall
nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to the
tannin or nutgalls.
Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid,
under Tannic.
Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS.
āgelwan to stupefy.] To fright or terrify. See
Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.
Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zoöl.)
A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; --
called also garran, and garron.
Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir.
galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed foot
soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward
&?; Shak.
Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl.
Gallowses (#) or Gallows. [OE.
galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross;
akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G.
galgen, Icel. gālgi, Sw. & Dan. galge,
Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically
considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is
used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a
gallows.] 1. A frame from which is suspended
the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually
consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a
like frame for suspending anything.
So they hanged Haman on the
gallows.
Esther vii. 10.
If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of
gallows.
Shak.
O, there were desolation of gaolers and
gallowses!
Shak.
2. A wretch who deserves the gallows.
[R.] Shak.
3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan
when raised.
4. pl. A pair of suspenders or
braces. [Colloq.]
Gallows bird, a person who deserves the
gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts
(Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for
supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows
top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows
frame. (a) The frame supporting the
beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.)
Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, or
Gallow tree, the gallows.
At length him nailéd on a gallow
tree.
Spenser.
Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion,
or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See
Calculus, n., 1.
Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow,
v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.
Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter
as gall. Cranmer.
Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley,
n., 4.
Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See
Galligaskins.
Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (&?;), [OE. galoche,
galache, galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh.
altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL.
calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. &?;,
dim. of &?;, &?;, a shoemaker's last; &?; wood + &?; foot.]
1. A clog or patten. [Obs.]
Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his
galoche.
Chaucer.
2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet
weather.
3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper
part of the shoe and part of the leg.
Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy,
swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.]
Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.)
A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the
dance.
Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot.
gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu
leòr, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix +
leòr, leòir, enough; or fr. Ir.
goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in
abundance.
Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as
Galoche.
Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to
yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gal"some (?), a. [Gall
bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.]
Bp. Morton.
Galt (?), n. [See Gault.]
Same as Gault.
Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From
Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of
his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or
current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or pertaining
to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing
electrical currents.
Galvanic battery (Elec.), an
apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of
certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic
battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic
circuit or circle. (Elec.) See under
Circuit. -- Galvanic pile
(Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under
Voltaic.
Gal"va*nism (?), n. [From
Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.]
(Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the
mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical
electricity. (b) The branch of physical
science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and
effects of electrical currents.
&fist; The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in
very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter,
voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.
Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in
galvanism.
Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act
of process of galvanizing.
Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb.
n. Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.]
1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the
action of electrical currents.
2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by
means of electricity.
3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic
action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate
or excite to a factitious animation or activity.
4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See
Galvanized iron.
Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with
zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with
zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has
been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.
Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or
that which, galvanize.
Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a.
[Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use of
galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.
Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n.
(Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by
the passage of a galvanic current.
Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n.
[Galvanic + Gr. &?; to engrave.] Same as
Glyphography.
Gal*van"o*graph (?), n.
[Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A
copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture
printed from such a plate.
Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to galvanography.
Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Galvanic + -graphy.] 1. The art
or process of depositing metals by electricity;
electrotypy.
2. A method of producing by means of
electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be
printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.
Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who
describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on
galvanism.
Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic
+ -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or a description of
its phenomena.
Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanomètre.]
(Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the
intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a
magnetic needle.
Differential galvanometer. See under
Differental, a. -- Sine
galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer,
Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a
galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of
the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to
the strength of the current passed through the instrument.
Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.
Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art
or process of measuring the force of electric currents.
Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a.
[Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to the art
or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process
of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a
medal or the like.
Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
galanoplastie.] The art or process of
electrotypy.
Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n.
(Med.) Same as Electro-puncture.
Gal*van`o*scope (?), n.
[Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.]
(Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the
presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble
intensity.
Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a galvanoscope.
Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n.
(Physiol.) The use of galvanism in physiological
experiments.
||Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E.
galvanic + Gr. &?; to tone.] (Physiol.) Same as
Electrotonus.
Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n.
[Galvanic + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) The tendency
of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic
current.
Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the
Maldive Islands.] (Bot.) A species of grass (Tripsacum
dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated
in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America
as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass.
Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F.
gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short
spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other
clothing.
||Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da
gamba.
Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp.
gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same
as Gamashes.
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes
fastened at the side with rusty clasps.
Sir W.
Scott.
Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as
Gambison.
Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette,
or It. gambetta.] (Zoöl.) Any bird of the
genuis Totanus. See Tattler.
Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.]
(a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria
Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and,
under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the
Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing.
(b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer
and gambir.]
Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF.
gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais,
wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G.
wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See
Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body,
made of cloth stuffed and quilted.
Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba
leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di gamba.
See under Viola.
Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf.
It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol,
n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening
the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking
position.
Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gambling (?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.]
To play or game for money or other stake.
Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander
by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who
have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.
Gam"bler (?), n. One who
gambles.
Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete
juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam,
Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls,
from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name. The
best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish
yellow. Taken internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic and
emetic. [Written also camboge.]
&fist; There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived
from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order
Guttiferæ. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from
Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella.
G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also
a kind of oil called gamboge butter.
{ Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), }
a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing,
gamboge.
Gam"bol (găm"b&obreve;l), n.
[OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol,
fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F.
jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or
perh. joint: cf. Gr. kamph` a binding, winding, W., Ir. &
Gael. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F.
gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb,
n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.] A
skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.
Dryden.
Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr.
& vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling.] To
dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic,
like boys or lambs.
Gam"brel (?), n. [OF. gambe,
jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel,
Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.]
1. The hind leg of a horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -
- used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.
Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof
having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and
an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in
form.
Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up
by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.
Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of
twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.
Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam
crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked;
lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]
Game, n. [OE. game,
gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to
OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment,
OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon,
Gamble v. i.] 1. Sport
of any kind; jest, frolic.
We have had pastimes here, and pleasant
game.
Shak.
2. A contest, physical or mental, according
to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake;
as, a game of chance; games of skill; field
games, etc.
But war's a game, which, were their subject
wise,
Kings would not play at.
Cowper.
&fist; Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there
were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and
skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with
religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean,
and the Isthmian games.
3. The use or practice of such a game; a
single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at
cards.
Talk the game o'er between the
deal.
Lloyd.
4. That which is gained, as the stake in a
game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to
win a game; as, in short whist five points are game.
5. (Card Playing) In some games, a
point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the
highest.
6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of
an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of
operations; plan; project.
Your murderous game is nearly up.
Blackw. Mag.
It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to
blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set
himself to attack.
Saintsbury.
7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen;
wild meats designed for, or served at, table.
Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the
rest by the well-known appellation of game.
Blackstone.
Confidence game. See under
Confidence. -- To make game of, to
make sport of; to mock. Milton.
Game, a. 1. Having
a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to
the last; plucky.
I was game . . . .I felt that I could have
fought even to the death.
W. Irving.
2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are
hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.
Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying
small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. --
Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food,
esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the
shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and
sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds
hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game
egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game
laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking
game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver,
a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with
a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game.
(a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit.
(b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] --
To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding
spirit to the last; to die fighting.
Game (gām), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Gamed (gāmd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gaming.] [OE. gamen, game&?;en, to
rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game,
n.] 1. To rejoice; to be
pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with
dative. [Obs.]
God loved he best with all his whole hearte
At alle times, though him gamed or smarte.
Chaucer.
2. To play at any sport or
diversion.
3. To play for a stake or prize; to use
cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain
rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue
of the contest; to gamble.
Game"cock` (-k&obreve;k`), n.
(Zoöl.) The male game fowl.
Game" fowl` (-foul`). (Zoöl.) A handsome
breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and
pugnacity of the males.
Game"ful (-f&usdot;l), a. Full of
game or games.
Game"keep`er (-kēp`&etilde;r), n.
One who has the care of game, especially in a park or
preserve. Blackstone.
Game"less, a. Destitute of
game.
Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner;
spiritedly.
Game"ness, n. Endurance;
pluck.
Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive;
playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd.
Byron.
-- Game"some*ly, adv. --
Game"some*ness, n.
Game"ster (?), n. [Game + -
ster.] 1. A merry, frolicsome person.
[Obs.] Shak.
2. A person who plays at games; esp., one
accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in
games.
When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the
gentlest gamester is the soonest winner.
Shak.
3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.]
Shak.
Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage.]
(Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual
connection; formed by the union of the male and female
elements.
||Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected
and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say,
'Look at the Chinaman.'
L. Oliphant.
Gam"ing (?), n. The act or
practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.
Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter
(Γ, γ = Eng. G) of the Greek alphabet.
Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross
formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament
on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.
Gam"mer (găm"m&etilde;r), n.
[Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer
for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old
woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old man.
Gam"mon (-mŭn), n. [OF.
gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F.
jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf.
Ham.] The buttock or thigh of a hog, salted and smoked or
dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.
Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gammoned (-mŭnd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gammoning.] To make bacon of; to salt and
dry in smoke.
[1913 Webster]
Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.]
1. Backgammon.
2. An imposition or hoax; humbug.
[Colloq.]
Gam"mon, v. t. 1.
To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been
able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from
the board; as, to gammon a person.
2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole.
[Colloq.] Hood.
Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.]
(Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by
lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron.
Totten.
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th
Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by which
the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the
lifting action of the forestays.
Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning
lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. --
Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut
through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning
the bowsprit.
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th
Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a
person. [Colloq.]
||Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?;
marriage + E. genesis.] (Biol.) The production of
offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual
reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis.
Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.)
Relating to gamogenesis. --
Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?;
marriage + &?; form, shape.] (Biol.) That stage of growth
or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are
generated and matured in preparation for propagating the
species.
Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;
marriage + E. petalous: cf. F. gamopétale.]
(Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a
tube or cup; monopetalous.
Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?;
marriage + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by
their edges (coalescent). Gray.
Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;
marriage + E. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed of united
sepals; monosepalous.
Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut
the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the
Greek letter &?;, which was used by Guido d'Arezzo to represent the
first note of his model scale. See Gamma, and Ut.]
(Mus.) The scale.
Gam"y (?), a. 1.
(Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept
uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-
flavored.
2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding
spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy
trout.
Gan (?), imp. of Gin. [See
Gin, v.] Began; commenced.
&fist; Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form
compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan
regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by
gunne or gonne.
This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great
suspicion.
Chaucer.
The little coines to their play gunne hie
(i. e., hied).
Chaucer.
Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan
relent.
Spenser.
Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche,
n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It.
gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or
hooks, as
