C.
C. (sē) 1. C is the third
letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C,
which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and
g (in go); its original value being the latter. In
Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it
always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter
as the Greek Γ, γ, and came from the Greek alphabet.
The Greeks got it from the Phœnicians. The English name of
C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably,
through the French. Etymologically C is related to g,
h, k, q, s (and other sibilant
sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E.
acute, ague; E. acrid, eager,
vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat,
kitten; E. coy, quiet; L.
circare, OF. cerchier, E.
search.
See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 221-228.
2. (Mus.) (a) The
keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has neither flats
nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative
minor scale of the same. (b) C after
the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a
semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time
it is written &?;. (c) The "C clef," a
modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff,
shows that line to be middle C.
3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin
centum or 100, CC for 200, etc.
C spring, a spring in the form of the
letter C.
||Ca*a"ba (k&adot;*ā"b&adot;),
n. [Ar. ka'bah, lit., a square building,
fr. ka'b cube.] The small and nearly cubical stone
building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written
also kaaba.]
&fist; The Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of
Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been
brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the
Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the
chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan
world.
Caas (käs), n. sing. & pl.
Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cab (kăb), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close
carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle.
"A cab came clattering up." Thackeray.
&fist; A cab may have two seats at right angles to the
driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the
driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.
Hansom cab. See Hansom.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in
which the engineer has his station. Knight.
Cab (kăb), n. [Heb.
qab, fr. qābab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry
measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W.
H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.
Ca*bal" (k&adot;*băl"), n.
[F. cabale cabal, cabala, LL. cabala cabala, fr.
Heb. qabbālēh reception, tradition, mysterious
doctrine, fr. qābal to take or receive, in Piël
qibbel to adopt (a doctrine).] 1.
Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.]
Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] "The measuring
of the temple, a cabal found out but lately." B.
Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some
close design, usually to promote their private views and
interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association
composed of a few designing persons; a junto.
It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the
cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose
names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington,
Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations
of a few persons united in a close design; intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy.
-- Cabal, Combination, Faction. An
association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea
common to these terms. A combination is an organized union
of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or
resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according
to circumstances; as, a combiniation of workmen or of
employers to effect or to prevent a change in prices. A
cabal is a secret association of a few individuals who
seek by cunning practices to obtain office and power. A
faction is a larger body than a cabal, employed for
selfish purposes in agitating the community and working up an
excitement with a view to change the existing order of things.
"Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to
combinations, which belong particularly to the lower
orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds
are ever forming cabals. Factions belong especially
to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits
for selfish purposes". Crabb.
Ca*bal", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caballed (-băld"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.]
To unite in a small party to promote private views and
interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.
Caballing still against it with the
great.
Dryden.
Cab"a*la (kăb"&adot;*l&adot;),
n. [LL. See Cabal, n.]
1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional
interpretation of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain
mediæval Christians, which treats of the nature of god and
the mystery of human existence. It assumes that every letter,
word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a hidden sense;
and it teaches the methods of interpretation for ascertaining
these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to foretell
events by this means.
2. Secret science in general; mystic art;
mystery.
Cab"a*lism (kăb"&adot;*l&ibreve;z'm),
n. [Cf. F. cabalisme.]
1. The secret science of the
cabalists.
2. A superstitious devotion to the
mysteries of the religion which one professes. [R]
Emerson.
Cab"a*list (-l&ibreve;st), n. [Cf.
F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the
mysteries of Jewish traditions. "Studious cabalists."
Swift.
{ Cab`a*lis"tic
(kăb`&adot;*l&ibreve;s"t&ibreve;k),
Cab`a*lis"tic*al (-t&ibreve;*kal) }
a. Of or pertaining to the cabala;
containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic exposition
of the first chapter of Genesis
.
Hallam.
Cab`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
cabalistic manner.
Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf. F.
cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language. [R]
Dr. H. More.
Ca*bal"ler (k&adot;*băl"l&etilde;r),
n. One who cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant
lord.
Dryden.
Cab"al*line (kăb"al*līn),
a. [L. caballinus, fr. caballus a
nag. Cf. Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a
horse. -- n. Caballine
aloes.
Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure
kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called
also horse aloes. -- Caballine
spring, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount
Helicon; -- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot
of the winged horse Pegasus.
Cab"a*ret (kăb"&adot;*r&ebreve;t; 277),
n. [F.] A tavern; a house where liquors
are retailed. [Obs. as an English word.]
||Ca*bas" (k&adot;*bä"), n.
[F.] A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; hence, a lady's
flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written
caba. C. Bronté.
||Ca*bas"sou (k&adot;*băs"s&oomac;),
n. (Zoöl.) A species of
armadillo of the genus Xenurus (X. unicinctus and
X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also
kabassou.]
Cab"bage (kăb"b&asl;j), n.
[OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages),
chou cabus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It.
capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl, hood,
cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It.
cappa cape. See Chief, Cape.] (Bot.)
1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties,
derived from the wild Brassica oleracea of Europe. The
common cabbage has a compact head of leaves. The cauliflower,
Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed as
cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm
trees, used, like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage tree,
below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See
below.
Cabbage aphis (Zoöl.), a
green plant-louse (Aphis brassicæ) which lives upon
the leaves of the cabbage. -- Cabbage
beetle (Zoöl.), a small, striped flea-
beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) which lives, in the larval
state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage
and other cruciferous plants. -- Cabbage
butterfly (Zoöl.), a white butterfly
(Pieris rapæ of both Europe and America, and the
allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which, in
the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the
turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. -- Cabbage
fly (Zoöl.), a small two-winged fly
(Anthomyia brassicæ), which feeds, in the larval or
maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much
damage to the crop. -- Cabbage head,
the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; --
contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and
silly person; a numskull. -- Cabbage
palmetto, a species of palm tree (Sabal
Palmetto) found along the coast from North Carolina to
Florida. -- Cabbage rose (Bot.),
a species of rose (Rosa centifolia) having large and
heavy blossoms. -- Cabbage tree,
Cabbage palm, a name given to palms having
a terminal bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal
Palmetto of the United States, and the Euterpe
oleracea and Oreodoxa oleracea of the West
Indies. -- Cabbage worm
(Zoöl.), the larva of several species of moths
and butterflies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is
usually the larva of a white butterfly. See Cabbage
butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the
stalks of young plants during the night, are the larvæ of
several species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See
Cutworm. -- Sea
cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea
kale (b). The original Plant
(Brassica oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower,
broccoli, etc., have been derived by cultivation. --
Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels
sprouts.
Cab"bage, v. i. To form a head
like that the cabbage; as, to make lettuce cabbage.
Johnson.
Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. & p.
p Cabbaged (-b&asl;jd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabbaging (-b&asl;*j&ibreve;ng).] [F.
cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas
basket, and OF. cabuser to cheat.] To purloin or
embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after cutting out a
garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of
cloth.
Arbuthnot.
Cab"bage, n. Cloth or
clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out
garments.
Cab"bler (kăb"bl&etilde;r),
n. One who works at cabbling.
Cab"bling (-bl&ibreve;ng), n.
(Metal.) The process of breaking up the flat masses
into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the
pieces may be reheated and wrought into bar iron.
{ ||Ca*be"ça (k&adot;*b&asl;"s&adot;),
||Ca*besse" (k&adot;*b&ebreve;s"), }
n. [Pg. cabeça, F.
cabesse.] The finest kind of silk received from
India.
||Ca"ber (kā"b&etilde;r), n.
[Gael] A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as
a trial of strength.
Cab`e*zon" (kăb`&asl;*z&obreve;n" or
kä*b&asl;*th&osl;n"), n. [Sp., properly,
big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zoöl.) A
California fish (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the
sculpin.
Cab"i*ai (kăb"&ibreve;*ī),
n. [Native South American name.]
(Zoöl.) The capybara. See
Capybara.
Cab"in (kăb"&ibreve;n), n.
[OF. caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of
cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane, cabine, LL.
cabanna, perh. from the Celtic.] 1. A
cottage or small house; a hut. Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west.
E. Everett.
2. A small room; an inclosed
place.
So long in secret cabin there he held
Her captive.
Spenser.
3. A room in ship for officers or
passengers.
Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is to wait
on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.
Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabined (-&ibreve;nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabining.] To live in, or as in, a
cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave.
Shak.
Cab"in, v. t. To confine in,
or as in, a cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound
in
To saucy doubts and fears.
Shak.
Cab"i*net (kăb"&ibreve;*n&ebreve;t),
n. [F., dim. of cabine or cabane.
See Cabin, n.] 1. A
hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet,
The rural song of careful Colinet.
Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a
closet.
3. A private room in which consultations
are held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's
cabinet.
Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief
executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council.
&fist; In England, the cabinet or cabinet
council consists of those privy councilors who actually
transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley &
W. -- In the United States, the cabinet is composed of
the heads of the executive departments of the government, namely,
the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of
the Interior, and of Agiculture, the Postmaster-general, and the
Attorney-general.
5. (a) A set of drawers
or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence:
(b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether
open like an étagère or closed with doors. See
Étagère.
6. Any building or room set apart for the
safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the
collection itself.
Cabinet council. (a)
Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which
body it was formerly the full title). (b)
A meeting of the cabinet. -- Cabinet
councilor, a member of a cabinet council. --
Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size
smaller than an imperial, though larger than a carte de
visite. -- Cabinet picture, a
small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small
room and for close inspection.
Cab"i*net, a. Suitable for a
cabinet; small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking
cabinet edition of Goethe.
For. Quar. Rev.
Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabineting.] To inclose [R.]
Hewyt.
Cab"i*net*mak`er (-māk`&etilde;r),
n. One whose occupation is to make
cabinets or other choice articles of household furniture, as
tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.
Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n. The art
or occupation of making the finer articles of household
furniture.
Cab"i*net*work` (-wûrk`), n.
The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture
requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture.
Cab`i*re"an (kăb`&ibreve;*rē"an),
n. One of the Cabiri.
||Ca*bi"ri (k&adot;*bī"rī), n.
pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.]
(Myth.) Certain deities originally worshiped with
mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and
afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of
Hephæstus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of
working metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell
& Scott.
Ca*bir"i*an (k&adot;*b&ibreve;r"&ibreve;*an),
a. Same as Cabiric.
Ca*bir"ic (k&adot;*b&ibreve;r"&ibreve;k),
a. [Cf. F. Cabirique] Of or
pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship.
[Written also Cabiritic.]
Ca"ble (kā"b'l), n. [F.
câble, LL. capulum, caplum, a rope,
fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. kabel,
from the French. See Capable.] 1. A
large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to
retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of
hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire,
usually covered with some protecting or insulating substance; as,
the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic
cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a
column, or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to
resemble the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also cable
molding.
Bower cable, the cable belonging to the
bower anchor. -- Cable road, a railway
on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless
rope operated by a stationary motor. -- Cable's
length, the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the
merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more;
but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms
(720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to
one tenth of a nautical mile). -- Cable
tier. (a) That part of a vessel
where the cables are stowed. (b) A coil
of a cable. -- Sheet cable, the cable
belonging to the sheet anchor. -- Stream
cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower
cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy
seas. -- Submarine cable. See
Telegraph. -- To pay out the cable,
To veer out the cable, to slacken it, that
it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the
hawse hole. -- To serve the cable, to
bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being,
worn or galled in the hawse, et. -- To slip the
cable, to let go the end on board and let it all
run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh
anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die.
Ca"ble (kā"b'l), v. t.
1. To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with
cabling. See Cabling.
Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. &
p. p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabling (-bl&obreve;ng).] To telegraph
by a submarine cable [Recent]
Ca"bled (-b'ld), a.
1. Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or
rope. "The cabled stone." Dyer.
2. (Arch.) Adorned with
cabling.
Ca"ble*gram` (kā"b'l*grăm`),
n. [Cable, n. + Gr. gra`mma a
writing, a letter.] A message sent by a submarine
telegraphic cable. [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the
newspapers.]
Ca"ble*laid` (-lād`), a.
1. (Naut.) Composed of three three-
stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted together to form a
cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable;
as, a cable-laid gold chain. Simmonds.
Ca"blet (?), n. [Dim. of
cable; cf. F. câblot.] A little cable
less than ten inches in circumference.
Ca"bling (?), n. (Arch.)
The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a
pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid
in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to
about one third of the height of the shaft.
Cab"man (?), n.; pl.
Cabmen (&?;). The driver of a
cab.
Ca*bob" (?), n. [Hindi
kabāb] 1. A small piece of
mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey
and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with
white herrings and sweet herbs. Wright.
Ca*bob", v. t. To roast, as a
cabob. Sir. T. Herbert.
Ca*boched" (?), a. [F.
caboche head. Cf. 1st Cabbage.] (Her.)
Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of
the head of a beast in armorial bearing. [Written also
caboshed.]
Ca*boo"dle (k&adot;*b&oomac;"d'l),
n. The whole collection; the entire
quantity or number; -- usually in the phrase the whole
caboodle. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.
Ca*boose" (k&adot;*b&oomac;s"), n.
[Cf. D. kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw.
kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or hut. The First
part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab cabin,
booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also camboose.]
1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the
cooking is done; -- commonly called the galley.
2. (Railroad) A car used on
freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a
tool car. [U. S.]
Cab"o*tage (?), n. [F.
cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the coast; cf.
Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.) Navigation along the
coast; the details of coast pilotage.
||Ca*brée" (k&adot;*br&aslc;"),
n. [French Canadian.] (Zoöl.)
The pronghorn antelope. [Also written cabrit,
cabret.]
Ca*brer"ite (?), n. (Min.)
An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel,
cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra Cabrera,
Spain.
||Ca*bril"la (?), n. [Sp., prawn.]
(Zoöl) A name applied to various species of
edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and related genera,
inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc. In
California, some of them are also called rock bass and
kelp salmon.
Cab"ri*ole (?), n. [F. See
Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.] (Man.) A
curvet; a leap. See Capriole.
The cabrioles which his charger
exhibited.
Sir W. Scott.
Cab`ri*o*let" (?), n.[F., dim. of
cabriole a leap, caper, from It. capriola, fr. dim.
of L. caper he-goat, capra she-goat. This carriage
is so called from its skipping lightness. Cf. Cab,
Caper a leap.] A one-horse carriage with two seats
and a calash top.
Ca*brit" (?), n. Same as
Cabrée.
Cab"urn (?), n. [Cf. Cable,
n.] (Naut.) A small line made of
spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize tackles, etc.
{||Ca*cæ"mi*a
(k&adot;*sē"m&ibreve;*&adot;), ||Ca*chæ"mi*a
(k&adot;*k&esl;"m&ibreve;*&adot;),} n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. kako`s bad+ a"i^ma blood.]
(Med.) A degenerated or poisoned condition of the
blood.
Ca*ca"ine (?), n. (Chem.)
The essential principle of cacao; -- now called
theobromine.
||Ca*ca*jão" (?), n. [Pg.]
(Zoöl) A South American short-tailed monkey
(Pithecia melanocephala or Brachyurus
melanocephala). [Written also cacajo.]
Ca*ca"o (?), n. [Sp., fr. Mex.
kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa, Chocolate]
(Bot.) A small evergreen tree (Theobroma
Cacao) of South America and the West Indies. Its fruit
contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds about the size of an
almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma are
prepared.
Cach"a*lot (?), n. [F.
cachalot.] (Zoöl.) The sperm whale
(Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of its head a
large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after death,
concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called
spermaceti. See Sperm whale.
||Cache (?), n. [F., a hiding
place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.] A hole in the
ground, or hiding place, for concealing and preserving provisions
which it is inconvenient to carry. Kane.
{ Ca*chec"tic (?), Ca*chec"tic*al (?), }
a. [L. cachecticus, Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. cachectique.]
Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; as, cachectic
remedies; cachectical blood. Arbuthnot.
||Cache`pot" (k&adot;sh`p&osl;"),
n. [F., fr. cacher to hide + pot
a pot.] An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain,
metal, paper, etc.
||Cach"et (?), n. [F. fr.
cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a letter.
Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed letter,
especially a letter or missive emanating from the sovereign; --
much used in France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order
of imprisonment.
{ ||Ca*chex"i*a (?), Ca*chex"y (?) },
n. [L. cachexia, Gr.
kachexi`a; kako`s bad + "e`xis
condition.] A condition of ill health and impairment of
nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by
a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).
Cach`in*na"tion
(kăk`&ibreve;n*nā"shŭn), n.
[L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud, cf.
Gr. kacha`zein.] Loud or immoderate laughter; --
often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual
cachinnation.
Sir W. Scott.
Ca*chin"na*to*ry (?), a.
Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate
laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval.
Carlyle.
||Ca*chi"ri (?), n. A
fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the
manioc, and resembling perry. Dunglison.
Cach"o*long (?), n. [F.
cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name of a
river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for
stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning "beautiful stone"]
(Min.) An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety
of quartz; also, a similar variety of opal.
Ca`chou" (?), n. [F. See
Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct
the odor of the breath.
||Ca*chu"cha (?), n. [Sp.] An
Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembling the bolero.
[Sometimes in English spelled cachuca (&?;).]
The orchestra plays the cachucha.
Longfellow.
||Ca*chun"de (?), n. [Sp.]
(Med.) A pastil or troche, composed of various
aromatic and other ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an
antidote, and as a stomachic and antispasmodic.
||Ca*cique" (?), n. [Sp.] See
Cazique.
Cack (kăk), v. i. [OE.
cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr.
kakka^n, and to OIr. cacc dung; cf. AS.
cac.] To ease the body by stool; to go to
stool. Pope.
Cack"er*el (?), n. [OF. caquerel
cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of E. cack.]
(Zoöl.) The mendole; a small worthless
Mediterranean fish considered poisonous by the ancients. See
Mendole.
Cac"kle (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cackling (?).] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG.
kakeln, D. kakelen, G. gackeln,
gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle,
Cake to cackle.] 1. To make a sharp,
broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
When every goose is cackling.
Shak.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the
cackling of a hen or a goose; to giggle.
Arbuthnot.
3. To talk in a silly manner; to
prattle. Johnson.
Cac"kle (?), n. 1.
The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has
laid an egg.
By her cackle saved the state.
Dryden.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around
regarding the sermon.
Thackeray.
Cac"kler (?), n. 1.
A fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a
tattler.
Cac"kling, n. The broken noise
of a goose or a hen.
{ ||Cac`o*chym"i*a (?), Cac"o*chym`y (?), }
n. [NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad +
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; juice: cf. F. cacochymie.] (Med.)
A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body,
especially of the blood. Dunglison.
{ Cac`o*chym"ic (?), Cac`o*chym"ic*al (?), }
a. Having the fluids of the body vitiated,
especially the blood. Wiseman.
Cac`o*de"mon (?), n. [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad +
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; demon: cf. F. cacodémon.]
1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon.
Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare.
Dunaglison.
Cac`o*dox"ic*al (?), a.
Heretical.
Cac"o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; perverted opinion; kako`s
bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; opinion.] Erroneous doctrine; heresy;
heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls
cacodoxy.
R. Turnbull.
Cac"o*dyl (?), n. [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; ill-smelling (kako`s bad +
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to smell) + -yl.] (Chem.)
Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid,
As2(CH3)4, spontaneously
inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is
the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen
compounds called hydrazines. [Written also cacodyle,
and kakodyl.]
Cac`o*dyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl.
Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline,
deliquescent substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH,
obtained by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties
of an exceedingly stable acid; -- also called
alkargen.
||Cac`o*ë"thes (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; of ill habits, &?;&?;
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; an ill habit; kako`s bad +
&?; habit] 1. A bad custom or habit; an
insatiable desire; as, cacoëthes scribendi, "The itch
for writing". Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or
disposition in a disease; an incurable ulcer.
Cac`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr.
kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; stomach.]
Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] Carlyle.
Cac`o*graph`ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly
written or spelled.
Ca*cog`ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
kako`s bad + -graphy; cf. F.
cacographie.] Incorrect or bad writing or
spelling. Walpole.
||Ca`co*let" (?), n. [F.] A
chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or pack
saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous districts,
or for the transportation of the sick and wounded of an
army.
Ca*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
kako`s bad + -logy: cf. F. cacologie.]
Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words.
Buchanan.
{ ||Ca`co*mix"le (?), Ca`co*mix"tle (?),
Ca"co*mix`l (?) }, n. [Mexican name.]
A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta), about
the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico,
Texas, and California.
Ca*coon" (?), n. One of the
seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (Entada scandens)
used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.
{ Cac`o*phon"ic (?), Cac`o*phon"ic*al (?),
Ca*coph"o*nous (?), Cac`o*pho"ni*ous (?) },
a. Harsh-sounding.
Ca*coph"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Cacophonies (#). [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;
sound: cf. F. Cacophonie.] 1.
(Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words,
owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables.
"Cacophonies of all kinds." Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of
discordant sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of
the voice.
Cac"o*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;;
kako`s bad + &?; art.] A corruption or corrupt
state of art. [R.]
{ Ca*cox"ene (?), Ca*cox"e*nite (?) },
n. [Gr. kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;
guest.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of iron occurring
in yellow radiated tufts. The phosphorus seriously injures it as
an iron ore.
Cac*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.)
Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the
prickly pear is a common example.
Cac"tus (?), n. ; pl. E.
Cactuses (#), Cacti (-
tī). [L., a kind of cactus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.]
(Bot.) Any plant of the order Cactacæ,
as the prickly pear and the night-blooming cereus. See
Cereus. They usually have leafless stems and branches,
often beset with clustered thorns, and are mostly natives of the
warmer parts of America.
Cactus wren (Zoöl.), an
American wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several
species.
Ca*cu"mi*nal (?), a. [L.
cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.]
(Philol.) Pertaining to the top of the palate;
cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; as, cacuminal
(or cerebral) letters.
Ca*cu"mi*nate (?), v. i. [L.
cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to point, fr.
cacumen point.] To make sharp or pointed.
[Obs.]
Cad (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cadet.] 1. A person who stands at the
door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an
idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.] Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean,
vulgar fellow. [Cant] Thackeray.
Ca*das"tral (?), a. [F.] Of or
pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, or
Cadastral map, a survey, map, or plan on a
large scale (Usually &frac1x2500; of the linear measure of the
ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile or about an inch to the
acre) so as to represent the relative positions and dimensions of
objects and estates exactly; -- distinguished from a
topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of
houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of
distinctness. Brande & C.
{ ||Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter } (?),
n. [f. cadastre.] (Law.) An
official statement of the quantity and value of real estate for
the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on such
property.
||Ca*da"ver (?), n. [L., fr
cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a
corpse.
Ca*dav"er*ic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced
by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric rigidity.
Dunglison.
Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid
generated by the processes of decomposition in dead animal
bodies, and thought by some to be the cause of the poisonous
effects produced by the bodies. See Ptomaine.
Ca*dav"er*ous (?), a. [L.
cadaverosus.] 1. Having the
appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; ghastly; as, a
cadaverous look.
2. Of or pertaining to, or having the
qualities of, a dead body. "The scent
cadaverous."
-- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv. --
Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n.
Cad"bait` (?), n. [Prov. E.
codbait, cadbote fly.] (Zoöl.) See
Caddice.
{ Cad"dice, Cad"dis } (?),
n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew; cf. G.
köder bait.] (Zoöl.) The larva of a
caddice fly. These larvæ generally live in cylindrical
cases, open at each end, and covered externally with pieces of
broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They are a favorite
bait with anglers. Called also caddice worm, or caddis
worm.
Caddice fly (Zoöl.), a
species of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the
caddice.
Cad"dis, n. [OE. caddas,
Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of woolen cloth,
cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of cloth, cotton,
fustian, W. cadas, F. cadis.] A kind of
worsted lace or ribbon. "Caddises, cambrics, lawns."
Shak.
Cad"dish (?), a. Like a cad;
lowbred and presuming.
Cad"dow (?), n. [OE.
cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw jackdaw;
cf. Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. Chough,
Daw, n.] (Zoöl.) A
jackdaw. [Prov. Eng.]
Cad"dy (?), n.; pl.
Caddies (#). [Earlier spelt catty, fr.
Malay katī a weight of 1⅓ pounds. Cf.
Catty.] A small box, can, or chest to keep tea
in.
Cade (?), a. [Cf. OE. cad,
kod, lamb, also Cosset, Coddle.] Bred
by hand; domesticated; petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him.
Sheldon.
Cade, v. t. To bring up or
nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame.
[Obs.] Johnson.
Cade, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr.
&?;.] A barrel or cask, as of fish. "A cade of
herrings." Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats
1,000.
Jacob, Law Dict.
Cade, n. [F. & Pr.; LL.
cada.] A species of juniper (Juniperus
Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean countries.
Oil of cade, a thick, black, tarry
liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of the inner wood of
the cade. It is used as a local application in skin
diseases.
Ca"dence (?), n. [OE.
cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a falling, fr.
L. cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It.
cadenza. See Chance.]
1. The act or state of declining or
sinking. [Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low.
Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or
speaking, especially at the end of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice
or of any sound; as, music of bells in cadence
sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull
Seafaring men o'erwatched.
Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest
cadence.
Sir W. Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose
or verse.
Golden cadence of poesy.
Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to
the flow of the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and
15th centuries) to be "prosed in faire cadence."
Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See
Cadency.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion
in motions, as of a well-managed horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place
in marching.
8. (Mus.) (a) The
close or fall of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by
the immediate succession of the tonic to the dominant
chord. (b) A cadenza, or
closing embellishment; a pause before the end of a strain, which
the performer may fill with a flight of fancy.
Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See
under Imperfect.
Ca"dence, v. t. To regulate by
musical measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my
grief.
Philips.
Ca"den*cy (?), n. Descent of
related families; distinction between the members of a family
according to their ages.
Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings
indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or
as a descendant of an older or younger son. See Difference
(Her.).
Ca*dene" (?), n. [Cf. F.
cadène.] A species of inferior carpet imported
from the Levant. McElrath.
Ca"dent (?), a. [L. cadens,
-entis, p. pr. of cadere to fall.]
Falling. [R.] "Cadent tears." Shak.
Ca*den"za (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament
in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final
cadence.
Ca"der (?), n. See
Cadre.
Ca*det" (?), n. [F. cadet a
younger or the youngest son or brother, dim. fr. L. caput
head; i. e., a smaller head of the family, after the first
or eldest. See Chief, and cf. Cad.]
1. The younger of two brothers; a younger
brother or son; the youngest son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble
family.
Wood.
2. (Mil.) (a) A
gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a
view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a
commission. (b) A young man in
training for military or naval service; esp. a pupil in a
military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or
Woolwich.
&fist; All the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval
cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and
Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress in
1882.
Ca*det"ship (?), n. The
position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a
cadetship.
{ Ca*dew" (?), Cade"worm` (?), }
n. A caddice. See
Caddice.
Cadge (?), v. t. & i. [imp.
& p. p. Cadged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cadging.] [Cf. Scot. cache,
caich, cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen to
drive, catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage. Cf.
Cadger.]
1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.
2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry,
etc. [Prov.]
3. To intrude or live on another meanly;
to beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.] Wright.
Cadge, n. [Cf. 2d Cadger.]
(Hawking) A circular frame on which cadgers carry
hawks for sale.
Cadg"er (?), n. [From Cadge,
v. t., cf. Codger.]
1. A packman or itinerant
huckster.
2. One who gets his living by trickery or
begging. [Prov. or Slang] "The gentleman cadger."
Dickens.
Cadg"er, n. [OF. cagier one
who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.] (Hawking) One
who carries hawks on a cadge.
Cadg"y (?), a. Cheerful or
mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Ca"di (?), n. [Turk. See
Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge among the
Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or village.
{ Cad"ie, Cad"die (?), }
n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or
messenger. [Written also cady.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the
cadie.
Macaulay.
Ca`di*les"ker (?), n. [Ar.
qād.ī judge + al'sker the army, Per.
leshker.] A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so
named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases
of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own
officers.
Ca*dil"lac (?), n. [Prob. from
Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear, shaped like a
flattened top, used chiefly for cooking.
Johnson.
Cad"is (?), n. [F.] A kind of
coarse serge.
Cad*me"an (kăd*m>emac/"an),
a. [L. Cadmeus, Gr.
Kadmei^os, from Ka`dmos (L. Cadmus),
which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb.
qedem east.] Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous
prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into Greece the
sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- α, β,
γ, δ, ε, ι, κ, λ, μ,
ν, ο, π, ρ, σ, τ, υ. These
are called Cadmean letters.
Cadmean victory, a victory that damages
the victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the
battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth
sown by Cadmus slew each other.
Cad"mi*a (?), n. [L. cadmia
calamine, Gr. &?;. Cf. Calamine.] (Min.) An
oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc
is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral
calamine.
Cad"mi*an (?), a. [R.] See
Cadmean.
Cad"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as,
cadmic sulphide.
Cad"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See
Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element
related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a white
metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight
111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from
its association with zinc or zinc ore.
Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium
and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a
pigment.
Cad"rans (?), n. [Cf. F.
cadran. Cf. Quadrant.] An instrument with a
graduated disk by means of which the angles of gems are measured
in the process of cutting and polishing.
||Ca"dre (?), n. [F. cadre,
It. quadro square, from L. quadrum, fr.
quatuor four.] (Mil.) The framework or
skeleton upon which a regiment is to be formed; the officers of a
regiment forming the staff. [Written also
cader.]
Ca*du"ca*ry (?), a. [See
Caducous.] (Law) Relating to escheat,
forfeiture, or confiscation.
Ca*du"ce*an (?), a. Of or
belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.
Ca*du"ce*us (?), n. [L.
caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. &?; a herald's
wand, fr. &?; herald.] (Myth.) The official staff or
wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods. It was
originally said to be a herald's staff of olive wood, but was
afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two
wings at the top.
Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L.
caducus falling (fr. cadere to fall) + E.
branchiate.] (Zoöl.) With temporary
gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which the gills do not
remain in adult life.
Ca*du"ci*ty (?), n. [LL.
caducitas: cf. F. caducité. See
Caducous.] Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old
age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity.
Chesterfield.
Ca*du"cous (?), [L. caducus falling, inclined
to fall, fr. cadere to fall. See Cadence.] (Bot.
& Zoöl.) Dropping off or disappearing early, as the
calyx of a poppy, or the gills of a tadpole.
Ca*duke" (?), a. [Cf. F.
caduc. See Caducous.] Perishable; frail;
transitory. [Obs.] Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world.
Bp. Fisher.
Cad"y (?), n. See
Cadie.
||Cæ"ca (?), n. pl. See
Cæcum.
Cæ"cal (?), a.
(Anat.)
1. Of or pertaining to the cæcum,
or blind gut.
2. Having the form of a cæcum, or
bag with one opening; baglike; as, the cæcal
extremity of a duct.
||Cæ"ci*as (?), n. [L.
caecias, Gr. &?;.] A wind from the northeast.
Milton.
Cæ*cil"i*an (?; 106), n. [L.
caecus blind. So named from the supposed blindness of the
species, the eyes being very minute.] (Zoöl.) A
limbless amphibian belonging to the order
Cæciliæ or Ophimorpha. See
Ophiomorpha. [Written also
cœcilian.]
||Cæ"cum (?), n.; pl.
Cæcums, L. Cæca
(#). [L. caecus blind, invisible, concealed.]
(Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end,
as the blind end of a canal or duct. (b)
The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of
the small intestine; -- called also the blind
gut.
&fist; The cæcum is comparatively small in man,
and ends in a slender portion, the vermiform appendix; but
in herbivorous mammals it is often as large as the rest of the
large intestine. In fishes there are often numerous intestinal
cæca.
Cæ`no*zo"ic (?), a.
(Geol.) See Cenozoic.
Ca"en stone" (?), A cream-colored limestone for
building, found near Caen, France.
Cæ"sar (?), n. [L.] A
Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus Cæsar.
Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or
powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be
servilely flattered and courted by Cæsar on one side
and by Louis the Great on the other.
Macaulay.
{ Cæ*sa"re*an, Cæ*sa"ri*an (?),
} a. [L. Caesareus, Caesarianus.]
Of or pertaining to Cæsar or the Cæsars;
imperial.
Cæsarean section (Surg.),
the operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting
through the walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because
Julius Cæsar is reported to have been brought into the
world by such an operation.
Cæ"sar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
Césarisme.] A system of government in which
unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to whom, as
Cæsar or emperor, it has been committed by the popular
will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of
government.
&fist; This word came into prominence in the time of Napoleon
III., as an expression of the claims and political views of that
emperor, and of the politicians of his court.
Cæ"si*ous (?), a. [L.
caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.) Of the
color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of gray.
Lindley.
Cæ"si*um (?), n. [NL., from
L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.) A rare
alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from the two
characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first
element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly
basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic
weight 132.6.
Cæs"pi*tose` (?), a.
Same as Cespitose.
Cæ*su"ra (?), n.; pl.
E. Cæsuras (&?;), L.
Cæsuræ (&?;) [L. caesura a
cutting off, a division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum,
to cut off. See Concise.] A metrical break in a
verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the
middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also,
a long syllable on which the cæsural accent rests, or which
is used as a foot.
&fist; In the following line the cæsura is
between study and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is
man.
Cæ*su"ral (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cæsura.
Cæsural pause, a pause made at a
cæsura.
||Ca`fé" (?), n. [F. See
Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in
a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are
served.
{ Caf"e*net (?), Caf"e*neh (?), }
n. [Turk. qahveh khāneh
coffeehouse.] A humble inn or house of rest for travelers,
where coffee is sold. [Turkey]
Caf*fe"ic (?), a. [See
Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained
from, coffee.
Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from
coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance,
C9H8O4.
Caf*fe"ine (?), n. [Cf. F.
caféine. See Coffee.] (Chem.) A
white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from coffee. It
is identical with the alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and
with guaranine from guarana.
Caf`fe*tan"nic (?), a.
[Caffeic + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or derived from, the tannin of coffee.
Caffetannic acid, a variety of tannin
obtained from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.
||Caf"fi*la (?), n. [Ar.] See
Cafila.
Caf"fre (?), n. See
Kaffir.
{ ||Ca"fi*la (?), ||Ca"fi*leh (?), }
n. [Ar.] A caravan of travelers; a
military supply train or government caravan; a string of pack
horses.
Caf"tan (?), n. [Turk.
qaftān: cf. F. cafetan.] A garment worn
throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown with sleeves
reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened by a belt or
sash.
Caf"tan (?), v. t. To clothe
with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel.
Sir W. Scott.
Cag (?), n. See
Keg. [Obs.]
Cage (?), n. [F. cage, fr.
L. cavea cavity, cage, fr. cavus hollow. Cf.
Cave, n., Cajole,
Gabion.]
1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly
of openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other
animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay.
Cowper.
2. A place of confinement for
malefactors Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars a cage.
Lovelace.
3. (Carp.) An outer framework of
timber, inclosing something within it; as, the cage of a
staircase. Gwilt.
4. (Mach.) (a) A
skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball
valve. (b) A wirework strainer, used
in connection with pumps and pipes.
5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform
of a lift or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a
shaft.
6. (Mining) The drum on which the
rope is wound in a hoisting whim.
7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire
mask.
Cage (kāj), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caged (kājd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.] To confine
in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine. "Caged
and starved to death." Cowper.
Caged (kājd), a.
Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or
prison. "The caged cloister." Shak.
Cage"ling (kāj"l&ibreve;ng),
n. [Cage + -ling] A bird
confined in a cage; esp. a young bird. [Poetic]
Tennyson.
||Ca"git (kā"j&ibreve;t), n.
(Zoöl) A kind of parrot, of a beautiful green
color, found in the Philippine Islands.
Cag"mag (kăg"măg), n.
A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any
kind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
||Ca`got" (k&adot;`g&osl;"), n.
[F.] One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees,
who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian
Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the
Visigoths.
||Ca`hier" (k&adot;`y&asl;" or
k&adot;`hēr), n. [F., fr. OF.
cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See Quire of
paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.]
1. A number of sheets of paper put loosely
together; esp. one of the successive portions of a work printed
in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of
legislative proceedings, etc.
Ca*hin"cic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a species
of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C. racemosa; as,
cahincic acid.
Ca*hoot" (?), n. [Perhaps fr. f.
cohorte a company or band.] Partnership; as, to go in
cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.]
Bartlett.
||Cai`ma*cam" (?), n. [Turk.]
The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey.
Cai"man (?), n. (Zoöl.)
See Cayman.
Cai`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.)
See Cenozic.
||Ca*ïque" (?), n. [F., fr.
Turk. qāīq boat.] (Naut.) A light
skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a Levantine vessel
of larger size.
||Ça" i*ra" (?). [F. ça ira,
ça ira, les aristocrates à la lanterne, it
shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern
(lamp-post).] The refrain of a famous song of the French
Revolution.
Caird (?), n. [Ir. ceard a
tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy
beggar. [Prov. Eng.]
Cairn (?), n. [Gael. carn,
gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. carn.]
1. A rounded or conical heap of stones
erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as
a sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her
cairn.
Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a
landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving
traces of an exploring party, etc. C. Kingsley.
Kane.
Cairn*gorm"stone` (?). [Gael. carn a cairn +
gorm azure.] (Min.) A yellow or smoky brown
variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in
the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland.
Cais"son (?), n. [F., fr.
caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A chest
to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled
carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a
body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson
to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one
on the limber. Farrow. (c) A
chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of
an enemy and exploded on his approach.
2. (a) A water-tight box,
of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building
foundations or structures below the water level.
(b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron,
which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins.
(c) A structure, usually with an air
chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of
ceilings or soffits.
Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a
caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting
upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the
caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to
the interior through an air lock. See Lock.
Cai"tiff (?), a. [OE.
caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF.
caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F.
chétif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr.
capere to take, akin to E. heave. See Heave,
and cf. Captive.] 1. Captive;
wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly;
despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight.
W. Irving.
Cai"tiff, n. A captive; a
prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and
slave.
Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose
character meanness and wickedness meet.
The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the
moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the
change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying
as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there
was a time when it had nothing of this in it. Trench.
Caj"e*put (?), n. See
Cajuput.
Ca*jole" (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cajoled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cajoling.] [F. cajoler, orig., to
chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse with idle
talk, to flatter, from the source of OF. goale,
jaiole, F. geôle, dim. of cage a cage.
See Cage, Jail.] To deceive with flattery or
fair words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you
into a reception of my views.
F. W. Robertson.
Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.
Ca*jole"ment (?), n. The act
of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.
Coleridge.
Ca*jol"er (?), n. A flatterer;
a wheedler.
Ca*jol"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Cajoleries (&?;). A wheedling to delude;
words used in cajoling; flattery. "Infamous
cajoleries." Evelyn.
Caj"u*put (?), n. [Of Malayan
origin; kāyu tree + pūtih white.]
(Med.) A highly stimulating volatile inflammable oil,
distilled from the leaves of an East Indian tree (Melaleuca
cajuputi, etc.) It is greenish in color and has a
camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.
Caj"u*put*ene` (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless or greenish oil extracted from
cajuput.
Cake (kāk), n. [OE.
cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw. & Icel.
kaka, D. koek, G. kuchen, OHG.
chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked;
especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal
cake; johnnycake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and
other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or
mass of any size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried
batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat
cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed,
or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather
flat than high; as, a cake of soap; an ague
cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the
flood.
Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zoöl), any
species of flat sea urchins belonging to the
Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the
refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance
from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass,
and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other
purposes. -- To have one's cake dough,
to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or
expected. Shak.
Cake, v. i. To form into a
cake, or mass.
Cake, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caking.] To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass,
as dough in an oven; to coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within.
Addison.
Cake, v. i. To cackle as a
goose. [Prov. Eng.]
Cak"ing coal` (?). See Coal.
Cal (?), n. (Cornish Mines)
Wolfram, an ore of tungsten. Simmonds.
Cal"a*bar (?), n. A district
on the west coast of Africa.
Calabar bean, The of a climbing
legumious plant (Physostigma venenosum), a native of
tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce
contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia,
and rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal bean, being
used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft.
Cal"a*bar*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid resembling physostigmine and
occurring with it in the calabar bean.
Cal"a*bash (kăl"&adot;*băsh),
n. [Sp. calabaza, or Pg.
calabaça, cabaça (cf. F.
Calebasse), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem.,
a kind of gourd + aibas dry.] 1. The
common gourd (plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash
tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, bascket, or
other utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or
gourd.
Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of
tropical America (Crescentia cujete), producing a large
gourdlike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell,
after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc.
The African calabash tree is the baobab.
Cal`a*boose" (?), n. [A corruption
of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A prison; a jail.
[Local, U. S.]
||Ca*lade" (?), n. [F.] A
slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is made
to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
||Ca*la"di*um (?), n. [NL.] A
genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are cultivated
for their immense leaves (which are often curiously blotched with
white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for food.
Cal"a*ite (kăl`&asl;*īt),
n. [L. callaïs, Gr.
ka`lai:s, ka`llai:s; cf. F.
calaïte.] A mineral. See
Turquoise.
Cal`a*man"co
(kăl`&adot;*mă&nsm;"k&osl;), n.
[LL. calamancus, calamacus; cf. camelaucum;
a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr.
kamelay`kion, and F. calmande a woolen stuff.]
A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked. "A
gay calamanco waistcoat." Tatler.
Cal"a*man`der wood
(kăl"&adot;*măn`d&etilde;r w&oocr;d`). A
valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown
color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species
of ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros
quæsita. Called also Coromandel wood.
{ Cal"a*mar (kăl"&adot;*mär),
Cal"a*ma*ry, (-m&asl;*r&ybreve;r)} n.
[LL. calamarium inkstand, fr. L. calamus a reed
pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case, calamar.]
(Zoöl.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus
Loligo and related genera. There are many species. They
have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the siphon
tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies.
Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of the back,
shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are called
squids. See Squid.
Cal"am*bac (kăl"ăm*băk),
n. [F. calambac, calambour, from
Malay Kalambaq a king of fragrant wood.] (Bot.)
A fragrant wood; agalloch.
Cal"am*bour (kăl"ăm*b&oomac;r),
n. [See Calambac.] A species of
agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light,
friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by
cabinetmakers.
Cal`a*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calamus reed + ferous.] Producing reeds;
reedy.
Cal"a*mine (kăl"&adot;*mīn or -
m&ibreve;n), n. [F. calamine, LL.
calamina, fr. L. Cadmia. See Cadmia.]
(min.) A mineral, the hydrous silicate of
zinc.
&fist; The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and
silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is
now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called
smithsonite.
Cal"a*mint (-m&ibreve;nt), n. [OE.
calamint, calemente (cf. F. calament) fr. L.
calamintha, Gr. kalami`nqh,
kala`minqos. See 1st Mint.] (Bot.)
A genus of perennial plants (Calamintha) of the Mint
family, esp. the C. Nepeta and C. Acinos, which are
called also basil thyme.
Cal"a*mist (-m&ibreve;st), n. [L.
calamus a reed.] One who plays upon a reed or
pipe. [Obs.] Blount.
Cal`a*mis"trate (-m&ibreve;s"trāt), v.
i. [L. calamistratus, curled with the curling
iron, fr. calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a
reed.] To curl or friz, as the hair. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Cal`a*mis*tra"tion
(kăl`&adot;*m&ibreve;s*trā"shŭn),
n. The act or process of curling the
hair. [Obs.] Burton.
||Cal`a*mis"trum (?), n. [L., a
curling iron.] (Zoöl.) A comblike structure on
the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders
(Ciniflonidæ), used to curl certain fibers in the
construction of their webs.
Cal"a*mite (?), n. [L.
calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.] (Paleon.)
A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general
form of plants of the modern Equiseta (the Horsetail or
Scouring Rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of
trees, and having the stem more or less woody within. See
Acrogen, and Asterophyllite.
Ca*lam"i*tous (?), a. [L.
Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.]
1. Suffering calamity; wretched;
miserable. [Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons.
South.
2. Producing, or attended with distress
and misery; making wretched; wretched; unhappy. "This sad
and calamitous condition." South. "A
calamitous prison" Milton.
Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive;
wretched; grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy;
severe; sad; unfortunate.
-- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n.
Ca*lam"i*ty (?) n.; pl.
Calamities (#). [L. calamitas, akin to
in-columis unharmed: cf. F. calamité]
1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery;
-- generally applied to events or disasters which produce
extensive evil, either to communities or individuals.
The word calamity was first derived from calamus
when the corn could not get out of the stalk. Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch
the soul.
W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or
misfortune; misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely
wise.
Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Disaster; distress; affliction; adversity;
misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery;
evil; extremity; exigency; downfall. -- Calamity,
Disaster, Misfortune, Mishap,
Mischance. Of these words, calamity is the
strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous state, produced not
usually by the direct agency of man, but by natural causes, such
as fire, flood, tempest, disease, etc, Disaster denotes
literally ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and
distressing event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from
hostile planet. Misfortune is often due to no specific
cause; it is simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in
the chain of events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and
not to be charged as a fault. Mischance and mishap
are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to
individuals. "A calamity is either public or private, but
more frequently the former; a disaster is rather
particular than private; it affects things rather than persons;
journey, expedition, and military movements are often attended
with disasters; misfortunes are usually personal;
they immediately affect the interests of the individual."
Crabb.
Cal"a*mus (?), n.; pl.
Calami (#). [L., a reed. See Halm.]
1. (Bot.) The indian cane, a plant of
the Palm family. It furnishes the common rattan. See
Rattan, and Dragon's blood.
2. (Bot.) A species of
Acorus (A. calamus), commonly called
calamus, or sweet flag. The root has a pungent,
aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the
leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of
rushes to strew on floors.
3. (Zoöl.) The horny basal
portion of a feather; the barrel or quill.
||Ca*lan"do (?), a. [It.]
(Mus.) Gradually diminishing in rapidity and
loudness.
Ca*lash" (?), n. [F.
calèche; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem.
kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso,
kolo, wheel.] 1. A light carriage
with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be raised or
lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver, and
often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open
or a close carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding
herself, her two children, and her servants.
W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated
vehicle, with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in
front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can
be thrown back at pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which
could be drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a
carriage.
Ca`la*ve"rite (&?;), n.
(Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic
luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in Calaveras
County California.
Cal*ca"ne*al (?), a. (Anal.)
Pertaining to the calcaneum; as, calcaneal
arteries.
||Cal*ca"ne*um (?) n.; pl.
E. -neums, L. -nea. [L. the
heel, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] (Anal.)
One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great
bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare.
Cal"car (?), n. [L. calcaria
lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis, lime. See
Calx.] (Glass manuf.) A kind of oven, or
reverberatory furnace, used for the calcination of sand and
potash, and converting them into frit. Ure.
||Cal"car, n.; L. pl.
Calcaria (#). [L., a spur, as worn on the heel,
also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the
heel.] 1. (Bot.) A hollow tube or
spur at the base of a petal or corolla.
2. (Zoöl.) A slender bony
process from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the
posterior part of the web, in flight.
3. (Anat.) (a) A
spur, or spurlike prominence. (b) A
curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain;
the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or
ergot.
{ Cal"ca*rate (?), Cal"ca*ra`ted (?), }
a. [LL. calcaratus, fr. L.
calcar. See 2d Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the
flower of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred.
Gray.
2. (Zoöl.) Armed with a
spur.
Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous (?), a.
consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous
earths.
Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a.
Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen.
Lyell.
Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous (?),
a.Consisting of, or containing calcareous
and siliceous earths.
Cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius pertaining to lime. See Calx.]
Partaking of the nature of calcite or calcium carbonate;
consisting of, or containing, calcium carbonate or carbonate of
lime.
Calcareous spar. See as
Calcite.
Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n. Quality
of being calcareous.
Cal`ca*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius of lime + ferous.] Lime-yielding;
calciferous
Cal"ca*rine (?), a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the
brain.
Cal`ca*vel"la (?), n. A sweet
wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of
Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or
Carcavelhos.]
Cal"ce*a`ted (?), a. [L.
calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr.
catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic,
heel.] Fitted with, or wearing, shoes.
Johnson.
Calced (?), a. [See
Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in
distintion from discalced or barefooted; as the
calced Carmelites.
Cal"ce*don (?), n. [See
Chalcedony.] A foul vein, like chalcedony, in some
precious stones.
{ Cal`ce*don"ic (?), Cal`ce*do"ni*an, }
a. See Chalcedonic.
Cal"ce*i*form`
(kăl"s&esl;*&ibreve;*fôrm`), a.
[L. calceus shoe + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a slipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper;
calceolate.
||cal`ce*o*la"ri*a
(kăl`s&esl;*&osl;*lā"r&ibreve;*&adot;),
n. [NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker,
fr. calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.]
(Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plants,
brought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or
purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which
suggests its name.
Cal"ce*o*late (?), a. [See
Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See
Calceiform.
||Cal"ces (?), n. pl. See
Calx.
Cal"cic (?), a. [L. calx,
calcis, lime: cf. F. calcique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or
lime.
Cal*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime + -ferous.] Bearing,
producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime.
Calciferous epoch (Geol.), an
epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately
succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar
mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of
the beds. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cal*cif"ic (?), a.
Calciferous. Specifically: (Zoöl.) of or
pertaining to the portion of the oviduct which forms the eggshell
in birds and reptiles. Huxley.
Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion
(kăl`s&ibreve;*f&ibreve;*kā"shŭn),
n. (Physiol.) The process of change
into a stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime
salt; -- normally, as in the formation of bone and of teeth;
abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue.
Cal"ci*fied (kăl"s&ibreve;*fīd),
a. Consisting of, or containing,
calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous.
Cal"ci*form (kăl"s&ibreve;*fôrm),
a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -
form.] In the form of chalk or lime.
Cal"ci*fy (kăl"s&ibreve;*fī), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Calcified (-
fīd); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcifying.]
[L. calx, calcis, lime + -fy.] To make
stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of
lime.
Cal"ci*fy, v. i. To become
changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in which lime is a
principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.
Cal*cig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime + -genouse.]
(Chem.) Tending to form, or to become, a calx or
earthlike substance on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium,
calcium. etc.
Cal*cig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime + -gerouse.]
Holding lime or other earthy salts; as, the
calcigerous cells of the teeth.
Cal"ci*mine (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime.] A white or colored wash
for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a
mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white, and
water. [Also spelt kalsomine.]
Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp.
&p. p. Calcimined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calcimining.] To wash or cover with
calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
Cal"ci*mi`ner (?), n. One who
calcimines.
Cal*cin"a*ble (?), a. That may
be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.
Cal"ci*nate (?), v. i. To
calcine. [R.]
Cal`ci*na"tion
(kăl`s&ibreve;*nā"shŭn), n.
[F. calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of
disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action
of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when
carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the
burning of limestone in order to make lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal
to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.
Cal*cin"a*to*ry (?), n. A
vessel used in calcination.
Cal*cine" (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Calciden (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calcining.] [F. calciner, fr. L.
calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable
state, by the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by
means of heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus
(usually) to produce disintegration; as to, calcine
bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action
of heat; to reduce to a metallic calx.
Cal*cine", v. i. To be
converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by
the action of heat. "Calcining without fusion"
Newton.
Cal*cin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, calcines.
||Cal`ci*spon"gi*æ (?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime +
spongia a sponge.] (Zoöl.) An order of
marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See
Porifera.
Cal"cite (kăl"sīt), n.
[L. calx, calcis, lime.] (Min.) Calcium
carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its
crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite. It
includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also
calc-spar and calcareous spar.
&fist; Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety;
aphrite is foliated or chalklike; dogtooth spar, a
form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral crystals; calc-
sinter and calc-tufa are lose or porous varieties
formed in caverns or wet grounds from calcareous deposits;
agaric mineral is a soft, white friable variety of similar
origin; stalaclite and stalagmite are varieties
formed from the drillings in caverns. Iceland spar is a
transparent variety, exhibiting the strong double refraction of
the species, and hence is called doubly refracting
spar.
Cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L.
calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick, fr.
calx, calcis , heel.] Kicking. Hence:
Stubborn; refractory.
Cal"ci*trate (?), v. i. & i. [L.
calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare. See
Calcitrant.] To kick.
Cal`ci*tra"tion (-trā"shŭn),
n. Act of kicking.
Cal"ci*um (kăl"s&ibreve;*ŭm),
n. [NL., from L. calx, calcis,
lime; cf F. calcium. See Calx.] (Chem.)
An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen
forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and
malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of
elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
&fist; Calcium is widely and abundantly disseminated,
as in its compounds calcium carbonate or limestone,
calcium sulphate or gypsum, calcium fluoride or
fluor spar, calcium phosphate or apatite.
Calcium light, an intense light produced
by the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a
combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal
gas; -- called also Drummond light.
Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L.
calx lime + vorare to devour.] Eroding, or
eating into, limestone.
Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One
who practices calcography.
{ Cal`co*graph"ic (?), Cal`co*graph"ic*al, }
a. Relating to, or in the style of,
calcography.
Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.]
The art of drawing with chalk.
Calc"-sin`ter (?), n. [G.
kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E.
sinter.] See under Calcite.
Calc"-spar` (?), n. [G. kalk
(L. calx) lime E. spar.] Same as
Calcite.
Calc"-tu`fa (?), n. [G. kalk
(l. calx) lime + E. tufa.] See under
Calcite.
Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
calculable.] That may be calculated or ascertained by
calculation.
Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L.
calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf calcularius
pertaining to calculation.] (Med.) Of or pertaining
to calculi.
Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries
of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other
fruits.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calculater (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Calculating (?).] [L,
calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus
a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr.
calx, calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone.
See Calx.] 1. To ascertain or
determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary
rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to
compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any
othe.
North.
2. To ascertain or predict by
mathematical or astrological computations the time,
circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the
character or consequences of; as, to calculate or cast
one's nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth.
Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by
forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation
of means to an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for
the government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our
benefit.
Abp. Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think.
[Local, U. S.]
Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate. --
To Calculate, Compute. Reckon, Count.
These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given
result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view to
obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to calculate an
eclipse. We compute by combining given numbers, in order
to learn the grand result. We reckon and count in
carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also
used in a secondary and figurative sense. "Calculate is
rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be;
computation is a rational estimate of what has been, from
what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing
assurance that a thing will happen; counting indicates an
expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute any
loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we
reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the hours
and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives"
Crabb.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make
a calculation; to forecast consequences; to estimate; to
compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never
calculate.
F. W. Robertson.
Cal"cu*la`ted (?), p. p. & a.
1. Worked out by calculation; as
calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or
conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated
place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon
ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance.
or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts
calculated to deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect,
whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of
publication is, that some of them may be calculated to
injure rather than benefit society.
Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone
through an experience calculated to lead him beyond the
scope of generally received laws
.
Hawthorne.
Cal"cu*la`ting (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to mathematical
calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical
calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought;
forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating
disposition.
Calculating machine, a machine for the
mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most
part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It
computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high
degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate,
from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.
Cal"cu*la`ting, n. The act or
process of making mathematical computations or of estimating
results.
Cal`cu*la"tion (-lā"shŭn),
n. [OE. calculation, fr. L.
calculatio; cf. OF. calcucation.]
1. The act or process, or the result, of
calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate. "The
calculation of eclipses." Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation
makes it.
Boyle.
2. An expectation based on
circumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port,
Abhorrent of a calculation crost,
Began to chafe as at a personal wrong.
Tennyson.
Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or
pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F.
calculateur.] One who computes or reckons: one who
estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a
view to form a correct estimate of the effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
calculatorius.] Belonging to calculation.
Sherwood.
Cal"cule (?), n. [F. calcul,
fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.] Reckoning;
computation. [Obs.] Howell.
Cal"cule, v. i. To
calculate [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See
Calculus.
Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L.
calculosus.] 1. Of the nature of a
calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous
concretion. Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the
presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a calculous
disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as, a calculous
person.
Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl.
Calculi (#). [L, calculus. See
Calculate, and Calcule.] 1.
(Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of
the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs,
and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary
calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
2. (Math.) A method of
computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any
branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of
treating geometry by defining a poin
